GDP目标五年首次未降 中国经济放缓已触底?

<div></div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">3月5日上午,中国总理李克强在本届人代会上作政府工作报告,提出了2018年的多项经济增长预期目标。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">李克强称,今年发展主要预期目标:国内生产总值增长6.5%左右;居民消费价格涨幅3%左右;城镇新增就业1100万人以上等。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">此外,今年首次将城镇调查失业率作为预期目标(5.5%),李克强讲话中称,这一指标涵盖农民工等城镇常住人口,将其作为预期目标,以更全面反映就业状况。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">如何看待今年中国设定的经济指标,BBC中文进行了梳理和采访分析。</p><h2>增长目标止跌:6.5%左右</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">2018年中国GDP增长目标定为6.5%左右,和2017年的预期目标完全相同。这是四年来首次出现预期目标没有下滑。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">每年全国人民代表大会上,中国总理作政府工作报告时都会宣布当年的经济增长预期目标。2014年预期目标为7.5%左右,2015年预期目标为7%左右,2016年预期目标为6.5%-7%,2017年预期目标6.5%左右。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">从实际增长来看,2014年实际增长7.3%,2015年6.9%,都低于当年的预期目标;2016年6.7%,达到预期目标;2017年6.9%超过预期目标0.4个百分点。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">经济数据好转,同时今年经济预期目标不再下降,使外界认为是否中国经济放缓结束,开始进入稳定甚至上升的通道。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">对此,香港大学经济及工商管理学院副教授陈衡表示,不能简单认为经济放缓已经结束。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">陈衡称,"今年是中国改革开放40年。1978年到2008年的30年间,从劳动增长率、人力资本的累积等因素看,经济增长比较良性;2008年全球金融危机,对中国经济打击也不小,政府出台了四万亿的刺激计划,造成很多后果,比如地方债、产能过剩等。过去10年,中国一直在消化和处理这些制度性问题,造成经济放缓,整体处于下行通道。至于何时结束,取决于何时解决上述问题。目前来看,中国还处在这一过程中,存在继续放缓的可能。这一过程的有多长?关键在于政府的应对政策。"</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">李克强在报告中也表示,相比去年6.9%的实际增速,今年6.5%目标较为温和。去年报告中"在实际工作中争取更好结果"的表述今年没有出现,进一步显示官方无意追求高增速。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/3622/production/_100285831_hi045325550.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/3622/production/_100285831_hi045325550.jpg" alt="。" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">REUTERS</span></span></figure><h2>2018年中国经济靠什么</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">2017年中国经济增长超预期,源于进出口数据的良好表现,背后是全球经济的复苏。当前中美贸易关系趋于紧张,不利于外贸增长的因素增多。外界担心,2018年中国经济能否达到6.5%的预期增长。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">陈衡认为,美国在过去几个月密集提高关税壁垒,是因为特朗普政府面临中期选举的压力而做出的政治姿态,不会演化成贸易战。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">2018年中国最大的风险在于外部。陈衡认为,美国的确存在新一轮经济衰退的风险,在中国还未处理好现有结构性问题并完成经济转型之前,美国如果发生经济衰退,对中国冲击将非常大。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">除了外贸,消费对经济增长的拉动越来越重要。李克强在报告中称,过去五年,消费贡献率由54.9%提高到58.8%,成为经济增长主动力。陈衡观察,中国过去几年消费贡献率的增长速度远远高于美国同期增速,并且还有潜力,未来几年如果能继续刺激消费,对中国经济的稳定发展至关重要。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">报告中,李克强表示今年要继续扩大消费,推进消费升级。推出多项政策,比如将新能源汽车车辆购置税优惠政策再延长三年,全面取消二手车限迁政策等。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg" alt="Presentational grey line" width="464" height="2" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /></span></figure><h2>2018年发展主要预期目标:</h2><ul style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; background-color: #ffffff;"><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">国内生产总值增长6.5%左右</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">居民消费价格涨幅3%左右</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">城镇新增就业1100万人以上,城镇调查失业率5.5%以内,城镇登记失业率4.5%以内</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">进出口稳中向好,国际收支基本平衡</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">单位国内生产总值能耗下降3%以上,主要污染物排放量继续下降</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">供给侧结构性改革取得实质性进展,宏观杠杆率保持基本稳定,各类风险有序有效防控</li></ul>&nbsp;</div>