<div><p> </p><div><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">前言</span></div> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">国务院发展研究中心研究员王亦楠博士于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">2016</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日在《能源》杂志上发表《关于三峡,不能不清楚的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">15</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">个重要史实和事实》文章,她在前言中写道:“</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">最近几年,随着人们对生态环境问题的关注,我国同时也是世界最大的水利枢纽工程——长江三峡在社会上再度成为讨论热点,其中,《三峡大坝何去何从》、《三峡大坝终将炸掉》、《三峡欠一个向国人跪地谢罪的最后仪式》等一些严重违背历史、违背科学的文章在社会上广为流传,给很多不明真相的读者造成了极大误导,因为按照这些文章的观点,三峡工程不仅不是“造福今人、泽惠子孙”的“千秋伟业”,反而成了“决策轻率、遗祸无穷”的“千古之罪”。历史不能忘记,历史也不是任人打扮的小姑娘。既然社会各界如此关注三峡,那么,“为什么要修三峡、三峡工程是如何从设想变为现实、三峡工程的利弊究竟如何”等诸多原则性问题,必须尊重历史、尊重科学,给予正本清源。为便于读者更清楚了解三峡工程的前前后后和方方面面,笔者从四个角度指出关于三峡工程的不能淡忘、不能抹掉、不能篡改的</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">15</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">个重要史实和事实。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">但是把历史当作</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">任人打扮的小姑娘的,不是别人,正好是三峡工程的决策者。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">一、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平关于三峡工程的表态</span></p> <p><a name="_Hlk505451658"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">王亦楠博士在文章中写道:“</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月,邓小平同志在听取有关汇报后指出“三峡是特大的工程项目,要考虑长远利益,我们应该为子孙后代留下一些好的东西”、“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”。”</span></p> <p><a name="_Hlk505451700"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">历史事实是:说低坝方案不好的是邓小平,但是说低坝方案好的,恰恰也是邓小平。</span></a></p> <p><a name="_Hlk505451635"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1982</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">24</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日邓小平在听取国家计委汇报时,对三峡工程表态说:“我赞成低坝方案,看准了就下决心,不要动摇。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">网易刊登的《毛泽东与三峡论证》一文是这样记载:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">方案。即“低坝”方案:水库正常蓄水高程为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米。这是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">80</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年代上半期的方案,考虑的重点是发电。党的十一届三中全会以后,改革开放和经济发展势头迅猛,但电力日趋紧张,且煤炭运力严重不足,为实现“三步走”的战略目标,电子能源问题必须解决。这样,三峡工程又提到历史的前台。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1981</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年,长江水利委员会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">长办</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">提出了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">个候选方案:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">一是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">200</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米高坝一次建成使用方案;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">二是“高坝中用”方案,即按</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">200</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米高坝一次建成,分期移民,分期蓄水;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">三是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米低坝方案,即分期建设方案,先期按</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">或</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">128</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米建坝,预留加高的位置,尔后再加高至高坝程度:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">四是分级开发方案,即在三峡河谷地区分别建几个低坝代替一个大坝的方案。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">经论证分析:分级开发方案经济效益最差,高坝方案的综合效益最好。但高坝方案一次性投资太大,移民较多,也有明显的不足。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1982</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年,掂量利弊得失,邓小平明确表态:<strong>我赞成搞低坝方案:看准了就下决心,不要动摇</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">!</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">陈云、李先念、胡耀邦、赵紫阳等亦先后对低坝方案投了赞成票。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">于是,三峡论证按</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米方案继续进行。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1983</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月,长委会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">长办</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">按低坝要求提出了《三峡可行性研究报告》。</span><a name="_Hlk504298331"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1984</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月,国务院原则批准了这一报告,并最后确定:三峡工程正常蓄水位</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米,坝顶高程</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">175</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">工程定于“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1986</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年正式开工”。随后,建立了“三峡省筹备组”;首批施工队伍开进三峡坝区搞前期准备。三峡工程开工在即。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">(参见:毛泽东与三峡论证,摘自《毛泽东百周年纪念》,</span><a href="http://news.163.com/06/0517/11/2HAPARM80001126S_4.html"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong;Microsoft YaHei"">http://news.163.com/06/0517/11/2HAPARM80001126S_4.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">)</span></p> <p><!–[if gte vml 1]> <![endif]–><span style="position: absolute;z-index:251660288;margin-left:15px;margin-top:463px;width:132px; height:3px"><img width="132" height="3" src="file:///C:/Users/pijih/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" v:shapes="Gerader_x0020_Verbinder_x0020_27" alt="" /></span><!–[if gte vml 1]> <![endif]–><span style="position: absolute;z-index:251659264;margin-left:310px;margin-top:444px;width:131px; height:3px"><img width="131" height="3" src="file:///C:/Users/pijih/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png" v:shapes="Gerader_x0020_Verbinder_x0020_26" alt="" /></span><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/3102018WWL.png" width="450" height="490" alt="" /><br /></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”。”这段话出自李鹏的《众志绘宏图 李鹏三峡日记》第</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">65</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">页。根据李鹏日记记载,</span><a name="_Hlk504295042"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日,邓小平到人民大会堂福建厅,参加广东核电投资公司与香港核电投资公司合营合同的签字仪式。签字仪式结束后,邓小平要李鹏和朱琳留下,进行了交谈。李鹏根据回忆和笔记,整理了邓小平谈话的主要内容,中间有“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”这一句。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">这里所指的中坝方案,不是现在已经实现的正常蓄水位海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">175</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米的方案,而是海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">180</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米的方案。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月李鹏的《众志绘宏图 李鹏三峡日记》公开发表,这句话才为人们所知。在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月之间,中国的媒体,包括纪念邓小平逝世的文章,都没有提到过邓小平说过“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”这句话。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">按照常理,邓小平说的每一句话,都是“圣旨”,都有随身的秘书记录,在党史和国史中都有记录。不劳李鹏的大驾,根据回忆和笔记,整理邓小平谈话的主要内容,加以发表。如果说</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日那一天,邓小平身边没有秘书,在场的只有三人,邓小平、李鹏与李鹏的夫人朱琳。邓小平已经去世,剩下只有李鹏与朱琳,这句话的真实性就要受到质疑。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">如果这句话是真的,邓小平在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1982</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">24</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日说:“我赞成低坝方案,看准了就下决心,不要动摇”;两年多过后,邓小平又说:“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”。邓小平这位改革开放的伟大设计师成了什么?不就是一个不经思考、说话前后矛盾的傻瓜了吗?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">所以,有人开始修改历史了。邓小平在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1982</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">24</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日说的“我赞成低坝方案,看准了就下决心,不要动摇”这句话,就被改成了“看准了就下决心,不要动摇”,没有“我赞成低坝方案”这几个字了。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">在三峡集团的网页上(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sxgc/ldgh1.php</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">),同样是上面那张照片,邓小平讲的话少了“我赞成低坝方案”这七个字。</span></p> <p><!–[if gte vml 1]> <![endif]–><span style="position: absolute;z-index:251661312;margin-left:133px;margin-top:340px;width:147px; height:3px"><img width="147" height="3" src="file:///C:/Users/pijih/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png" v:shapes="Gerader_x0020_Verbinder_x0020_28" alt="" /></span><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/3102018WWL6.png" width="385" height="349" alt="" /><br /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">这张照片陈列在三峡工程展览馆中。中国长江三峡集团公司网站的领导关怀专题中,也保留了这张照片和文字</span><a href="http://www.ctg.com.cn/sxjt/_300821/ldgh/index.html"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong;Microsoft YaHei"">http://www.ctg.com.cn/sxjt/_300821/ldgh/index.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">。</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">这是什么行为?在过去,这叫篡改圣旨,是杀头之罪。谁敢改动皇帝说的话?</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">就在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日邓小平说“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”这句话后,<a name="_Hlk505451882">中国媒体报道,邓小平于</a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1986</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">31</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日接见美国《中报》董事长傅朝枢时说:“中国政府所做的一切事情,都是为了人民。对兴建三峡工程这样关系千秋万代的大事,中国政府一定会周密考虑,有了一个好处最大、坏处最小的方案时,才会决定开工,是绝不会草率从事的。”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">(参见:中国网:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">三峡工程建设大事记,</span><a href="http://www.china.com.cn/news/zhuanti/zgztk/2008-12/08/content_16914993_2.htm"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong;Microsoft YaHei"">http://www.china.com.cn/news/zhuanti/zgztk/2008-12/08/content_16914993_2.htm</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平对傅朝枢的讲话表明,到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1986</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">31</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日这一天邓小平尚不知道三峡工程的哪个方案是好处最大、坏处最小的方案,当然就不会有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日的“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案”这样的判断,更不会有“从现在即可着手进行”的表态,因为邓小平表示,一定会周密考虑,绝不会草率从事。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">可见,中国媒体公开报道的邓小平对美国《中报》董事长傅朝枢关于三峡工程的表态,与李鹏记录和公开的邓小平</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日的“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”讲话,是互相矛盾的。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">如果</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日邓小平表态,“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”,是真实的,那么邓小平</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1986</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">31</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日对傅朝枢的表态,就是欺骗行为,欺骗海外华人,欺骗中国人民和世界人民。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;"><br /> <br /> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">两个月后,</span><a name="_Hlk505452244"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1986</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月,邓小平在中央政治局常委会议上</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">指出:<a name="_Hlk505452213">“(上)三峡工程有政治问题,不上三峡工程政治问题会更大,只要技术和经济问题能够得到解决就应该上。”</a>(参见:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong"> 李兵:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平谈建设三峡大坝:不上它 政治问题会更大,党史博览,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">2017</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日,</span><a href="http://news.ifeng.com/a/20170719/51456903_3.shtml"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong;Microsoft YaHei"">http://news.ifeng.com/a/20170719/51456903_3.shtml</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong;Times New Roman"">童怀平:邓小平说三峡工程是政治问题,摘自《邓小平八次南巡纪实》,</span><a href="http://digest.creaders.net/articleViewer.php?atid=207918&id=207918"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong;Times New Roman"">http://digest.creaders.net/articleViewer.php?atid=207918&id=207918</span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong;Times New Roman"">)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">查找<a name="_Hlk505452288">中国共产党新闻网的《中国共产党大事记·</a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1986</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年》,并未记录该年5月份中共中央召开过政治局常委会议。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">李鹏在《众志绘宏图 李鹏三峡日记》中也没有记录</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月,邓小平在中央政治局常委会议上关于“上三峡工程有政治问题,不上三峡工程政治问题会更大,只要技术和经济问题能够得到解决就应该上。”的这句话。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">笔者以为,邓小平讲这句话,是针对全国政协中的三峡工程反对派,他们反对国务院在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1984</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月原则批准三峡工程</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米方案。关键是这个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米方案是个骗人方案,正常蓄水位海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米,坝顶高程海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">175</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米。移民按海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米计算,三峡工程移民只有三十多万。防洪蓄水至海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">173</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米,防洪蓄水会淹没六、七十万人,三峡工程让这些人去“跑洪”,就是暂时离开家,到山上更高的地方去躲避一下,等洪水退后,再回到家中。全国政协委员大闹怀仁堂,要追查国务院不搞民主、科学决策的责任,要求全国政协在三峡工程决策中有知情权和参与权。而邓小平认为全国政协中民主党派要夺权,所以放出“上三峡工程有政治问题,不上三峡工程政治问题会更大”的狠话。对比邓小平与傅朝枢的讲话,一个是粗暴,一个是谨慎;一个是不讲理,一个是很负责。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">笔者在研究邓小平在三峡工程决策中的作用时发现,邓小平是依靠听汇报做决策的。他知识面不够宽广,但这并不妨碍他能够成为一个伟大的政治家,因为不能要求政治家有面面俱到的知识,特别是关于三峡工程的专业知识。他利用信息的方法不如毛泽东。毛泽东把支持和反对三峡工程的两派人物的代表叫到中央会议上来,让林一山和李锐各自陈述观点,然后做出自己判决。邓小平是只听一面之词,又不能辨别真伪,所以特别容易上当受骗。</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">二、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平在三峡工程决策上上当受骗的事实</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1980</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日乘“东方红</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">32</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">号”轮从重庆出发,顺江而下经三峡地区,在船上一直听取原林一山的秘书魏廷铮关于低坝方案的汇报。邓小平一上船就问魏廷铮:“有人说三峡水库修建以后,通过水库下来的水变冷了,长江下游连水稻和棉花也不长了,鱼也没有了。究竟有没有这回事</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">”魏廷铮回答说:“长江通过水库下泄的水量年平均为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4510</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,而三峡水库的库容只有年过水量的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">8%</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">,江水会不断进行交换,水温变化不大,不影响农业和渔业。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">首先,从邓小平提出的这个问题来分析,可以看到,邓小平对视察三峡地区并没有认真做功课。当时提出的质疑是,三峡水库修建以后,通过水库下来的水变冷,影响白鳍豚、中华鲟等稀有鱼类产卵和生长,而不是泛指一般的鱼。这个问题涉及生态环境保护问题,而不涉及农业和渔业的生产问题。长江下游是这么广袤的一个地区,建设一个三峡工程后连水稻和棉花也不长了,这还需要邓小平用来考察吗?魏廷铮回答说,不影响渔业,这是针对青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼四大家鱼而言,而四大家鱼的繁殖生长并没有生态价值。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">如果邓小平有一点点判断能力的话,听到长江在坝址处的年平均水量为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4510</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,而三峡水库的库容只有年平均水量的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">8%</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">,就应该知道,三峡工程的防洪能力十分有限。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1954</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年长江洪水,邓小平应该还有记忆,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月至</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月汛期的水量为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4975</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月至</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月的洪水量为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">3256</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米。三峡水库的库容只有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4510</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">8%</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">,如何能够起到卡住洪水的作用?世界上最著名的埃及阿斯旺大坝工程,水库库容</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1689</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,活动库容</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1379</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,尼罗河在坝址处的多年平均径流量为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">909</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,活动库容是多年平均径流量的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">151.7%</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">,这样的水库才有大的调节能力,有大的防洪效益。再说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4510</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">8%</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">等于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">360</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,这是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">200</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米方案的库容。目前实现的正常蓄水位海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">175</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米的三峡水库,号称活动库容为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">221.5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,怎么正常蓄水位只到海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">15</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">0米的方案,活动库容就有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">360</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">关于三峡工程的发电量,魏廷铮不假思索地从容回答道:“年发电量</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿度,接近今年上半年全国发电总量。以每度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">分计,可收入</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">66</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿元,这是一笔很大的数字。”邓小平听了很激动。在这里,魏廷铮又一次骗了邓小平。现在实现的三峡工程,正常蓄水位海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">175</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米,安装</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">32</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">台</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">70</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">万千瓦的水轮发电机,外加两台</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">万千瓦的发电机,一年最高发电量也只是接近</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿度。怎么正常蓄水位只到海拔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">15</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">0米的方案就能生产出</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿度电,比中坝方案还要多的电力来呢?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平结束了这次考察,在武汉东湖宾馆百花村召见胡耀邦等人,说:“轻易否定搞三峡工程不好!”邓小平认为:三峡工程对长江的航运影响并不大,对生态的影响也不大,但对防洪所起的作用却很大,发电效益很大。而邓小平认为防洪和效益都很大,恰恰说明邓小平的上当受骗,魏廷铮把</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">200</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米方案的效益当作</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米方案的效益卖给了邓小平</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">紧接着在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1982</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">24</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日表态说:“我赞成低坝方案,看准了就下决心,不要动摇。”于是就有了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1983</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月,长委会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">长办</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">按低坝要求上报的《三峡可行性研究报告》和</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1984</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月国务院原则批准了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米低坝方案的决策。否则,请</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">王亦楠博士解释一下,为什么</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">国务院会在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1984</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月原则批准低坝方案?难道国务院在批准低坝方案之前没有请示邓小平吗?如果国务院批准低坝方案是得到了邓小平的同意,那么邓小平为什么要在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日说“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”呢?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平在三峡工程上三番五次地上当受骗,所以必须把历史当作</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">任人打扮的小姑娘,随便改</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">,来掩盖邓小平这位伟大的改革开放设计师的错误。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">其实,修改</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平关于三峡工程的圣旨,就和</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">修改井冈山红军会师或者中华人民共和国开国大典油画一样,是有历史经验的。</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">三、井冈山红军会师</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">中国共产党党史网</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">2017</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">年</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">5</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">日刊登《</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">"</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">毛林会师</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">"</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">变回</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">"</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">朱毛会师</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">" </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">竟跟一个老外有关》的文章,讲述井冈山红军会师这段历史随意更改的事实:一会儿是朱德和毛泽东会师,一会儿又变成毛泽东和林彪会师,后来又成了毛泽东和朱德会师。文章中引用了两张油画,一张是</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">"</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">朱毛会师</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">"</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">,另一张是</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">"</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">毛林会师</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">"</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">,描绘是同一事实。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">是谁把历史当作</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">任人打扮的小姑娘?</span></p> <p> </p> <p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/3102018WWL1.png" width="617" height="357" alt="" /><br /></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">朱毛会师</span></p> <p> </p> <p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/3102018WWL2.png" width="553" height="335" alt="" /><br /></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">毛林会师</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">四、中华人民共和国开国大典</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">1949</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">年</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">10</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">1</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">日毛泽东和中央领导登上天安门城楼,毛泽东宣布:中华人民共和国中央人民政府已于本日成立了。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">1951</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">年初,中宣部、文化部筹备中国共产党成立四十周年,计划举办画展,就组织了几十名画家突击创造。中央美术学院</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">37</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">岁的董希文教授接受绘制《开国大典》的任务。(参见:落叶方知秋临:《开国大典》油画竟然几经波折,原画修改多次刘少奇被抹去!)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">http://k.sina.cn/article_5909805149_16040785d0010021cz.html</span></p> <p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/3102018WWL3.png" width="641" height="426" alt="" /><br /></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">董希文绘制:《开国大典》,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">1952</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">年版</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">在这副大型《开国大典》油画上,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">11</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">位中央领导人入画,他们分别是:中央人民政府主席毛泽东,副主席朱德、刘少奇、宋庆龄、李济深、张澜、高岗,政务院总理周恩来,副总理董必武、郭沫若,中央人民政府秘书长林伯渠。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">1955</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">年董希文奉命对《开国大典》进行修改,用一盆鲜花取代在</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">1954</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">年被撤职并自杀的高岗。这是第一次的“修改”。</span></p> <p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/3102018WWL4.png" width="550" height="304" alt="" /><br /></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">抹去高岗的版本</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">1968</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">年董希文抱病对《开国大典》再次进行修改,将文革中已经倒台的刘少奇刮去,补上原本只有半张脸的董必武。</span></p> <p> </p> <p><!–[if gte vml 1]> <![endif]–><span style="position: absolute;z-index:251662336;margin-left:67px;margin-top:52px;width:49px; height:173px"><img width="49" height="173" src="file:///C:/Users/pijih/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png" v:shapes="Ellipse_x0020_34" alt="" /></span><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/3102018WWL5.png" width="641" height="266" alt="" /><br /></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">《开国大典》,缺少高岗、刘少奇的版本</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">这就是中华人民共和国开国大典的历史。到底是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">是谁把历史当作</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">任人打扮的小姑娘?</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">五、结束语</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">现在把笔者已经收集到的邓小平关于三峡工程的全部表态罗列在下:</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1980</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月邓小平在武汉说:“轻易否定搞三峡工程不好!”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1982</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">24</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日在听取国家计委汇报时,对三峡工程邓小平表态说:“我赞成低坝方案,看准了就下决心,不要动摇。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日,邓小平在听取李鹏的汇报后指出“三峡是特大的工程项目,要考虑长远利益,我们应该为子孙后代留下一些好的东西”、“低坝方案不好,中坝方案是好方案,从现在即可着手进行”。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1986</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">31</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日道邓小平在接见美国《中报》董事长傅朝枢时说:“中国政府所做的一切事情,都是为了人民。对兴建三峡工程这样关系千秋万代的大事,中国政府一定会周密考虑,有了一个好处最大、坏处最小的方案时,才会决定开工,是绝不会草率从事的。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1985</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月,邓小平在中央政治局常委会议上指出:“(上)三峡工程有政治问题,不上三峡工程政治问题会更大,只要技术和经济问题能够得到解决就应该上。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1992</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">21</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">日下午在深圳迎宾馆接见厅,邓小平说“三峡工程也争论很多,我到美国一看,人家凡是能修水电站的地方早就修完了。苏联、欧洲那些地方都是如此。这可以增加多少国力和财富呀!我是坚决主张搞的。今天还有很多人不同意,有人甚至乱骂。怕什么,看准的就要坚决搞。”</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">如果有遗漏,请网友予以补正。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:FangSong">请王亦楠博士解释一下,为什么要把</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">邓小平的表态:“我赞成低坝方案,看准了就下决心,不要动摇”改为“看准了就下决心,不要动摇”?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">再请</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">王亦楠博士查证一下,现在的三峡工程,正常蓄水位海拔</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">175</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:FangSong">米,所有的技术指标是否都超过了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">魏廷铮向邓小平汇报的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">150</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">米低坝方案:防洪库容</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">360</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿立方米,平均每年发电量</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: FangSong;">亿千瓦时?</span></p> </div>