<p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">一段可能被虚构的历史，一本虚构现实的非虚构书，和一份几乎是虚构的报纸，这是这本叫做《试刊号》的小说的三个主轴。这一切非常埃科。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">本书的故事背景是在1992年的意大利米兰。原本是一个自由作家的主角，被一份正要创办报纸的主编找来纪录他和这份媒体的故事。报纸有一个迷人的名字：《明日报》，因为他们想要关心的不是过去的“旧闻”，而是</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">明日可能发生的新闻</strong>。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“报纸总是在讲述人们已经知道的事情，所以销量越来越少”，主编说。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">他计划在一年内做十二期，但并不会在市面上发行，因为这份报纸背后的创办人是媒体和旅馆大亨威美尔卡特先生，他的目的不是真的要做一份新闻媒体，而是：“</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">只要让知道他的某些人看到就好</strong>。一旦威美尔卡特先生展现出他有能力让金融圈和政治圈陷入困境，那些人说不定会求他罢手，到时候他就会放弃《明日报》并换来进入那个小圈圈的通行证。”这位主编对主角说。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">而主编之所以请这位作家帮他把整个编辑过程写成一本书是因为：“这本书要呈现的是一份报纸的理念，展现出在那一年中</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">我如何竭尽心力筹办一份符合独立媒体精神、无畏外在压力的典范报纸，而最后之所以失败，是因为自由之声没有生存空间。</strong>所以我需要您帮我杜撰、构思，写出一部史诗来，我不知道这么说够不够清楚……”这本书，他建议取作《明日报的昨日》。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">这短短两段话，精彩地道尽掌握媒体者对于权力、财富和名声（一个深具理想性的记者的迷人形象！），以及那些或张狂的或潜藏的暗黑欲望，是如何形塑了这个媒体如何创造事实。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">除了《明日报》本身的故事，本书另一个主要轴线是关于意大利的“另一种历史”（alternative history）。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">主角的一位编辑同事深深相信，他们所熟悉的历史不是真实的，亦即那个恶名昭彰的法西斯主义者墨索里尼在1945年时并没有死亡，而是被盟军藏起来，因为他们计划一旦共产党控制意大利时，可以让墨索里尼出来对抗共产党，而墨索里尼后来的命运又和日后意大利的政治暴力紧密连结。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">这本书和埃科过去小说最大的不同之处在于其轻薄短小，故事没那么繁复瑰丽，且相对的有很多对话，并透过对话来述说意大利的复杂历史。但和《玫瑰的名字》、《傅科摆》、和《布拉格墓园》等书的精神类似的是，故事的核心都有埃科所执迷的阴谋论（conspiracy theories），或者说存在着另一种隐密的对世界的叙事/解释。“我唯一有把握的是，在我们背后永远有一个老大哥在罗织骗局。”这位相信墨索里尼没死的编辑说。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">埃科对事实作为一种谜的探索兴趣当然和他的符号学学术专业有关，因为这种学科相信意义隐藏于各个角落，并要解构人类的沟通模式，诠释未言明的符号的意义。在这个思想脉络下，本书把焦点放在媒体，毕竟人们是透过媒体来理解世界上发生了什么事，但那些纸上的字、屏幕上的画面，真的是事实吗？或者，</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">媒体没报导的，就没有发生吗？</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">书中编辑说，“问题出在报纸往往不但没有将这些消息传播出去，反而是加以掩盖。发生了A案，你不能不谈，但因为这新闻会让太多人为难，所以就不如制造一些震撼的头条新闻，如母亲亲手割断四个孩子的咽喉、我们的储蓄将化为乌有、加里波底辱骂另一位意大利统一功臣尼诺．毕西欧的信件首次公开等等，让那则新闻淹没在信息汪洋中。”</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">更大的真理是：“</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">并非新闻创造报纸，而是报纸创造新闻</strong>”。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">所以，什么是真相？</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="335" data-backw="640" data-ratio="0.5234375" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/E6ME5dOJ0oqX6DLqWQUL2Hk7C2p9u5hb1KgXgjbZI0dCMw0eAnCtSnsofickuuqwZsC9hgiaKnHV1zKM7B7d1zvQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" title="《试刊号》，原作名: Numero Zero" _width="100%" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVQImWNgYGBgAAAABQABh6FO1AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 640px; background-color: #eeedeb; border: 1px solid #eeedeb; background-size: 22px; background-image: url(data:image/gif;base64,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 box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 670px !important; background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlASIlTXvJqhTJQsIypNTIatejzLA4dwXmp53Flx41lSK7mwQp5cwjRw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="32" height="14" width="14" _width="14px" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVQImWNgYGBgAAAABQABh6FO1AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 14px !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 14px !important;" alt="" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; color: #888888;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">《试刊号》，原作名: Numero Zero</span></span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">《试刊号》的故事是有强烈现实意涵的。小说的背景设定在1992年。在现实中的那一年，意大利发生了“干净之手”（Clean Hands）行动，揭露了意大利政治中的严重腐败，导致原有政党体系崩溃，上千人被捕，数人自杀。在那段政治混乱中，来自米兰的媒体大亨贝鲁斯科尼（Silvio Berlusconi）成为意大利政治的救世主，从1994年担任意大利总理直到2011年：很多人都认为小说中的这个媒体大亨就是影射他。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">贝鲁斯柯尼开启了埃科在政论集《倒退的年代》所论述的“大众媒体民粹主义”时代，因为贝鲁斯科尼掌握了意大利大多数的媒体，将自己塑造成对抗既有政治势力的英雄。埃科严厉批评这种大众媒体民粹主义下选民的自利与犬儒，而问题甚至不只是那些无知者，因为“明天的历史不会谴责那些对电视上瘾不能自拔的人”，而是在那些明明有知识背景却对意大利选举不够关心、没有采取足够行动的人。在同本书另一篇文章中，他也指出在法西斯政权下，人们知道所有的大众媒体都是政府喉舌，所以他们会偷听外国或地下电台的信息，但在当下的传播媒体政权中，人们却没有意识到信息可能都是被操控。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">在当下这时代，这些问题变得更为迫切。</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">一方面，媒体提供的新闻或信息越来越碎片化，以致于我们无法理解事情的脉络，并丧失理解全貌的能力。另方面，社交媒体更进一步恶化这碎裂化倾向，创造出各种过滤泡泡和回音室，让人只看到他们想看到的信息。</strong>刻意制造的错误信息更被大量流传，让“假新闻”的接受度可能更甚于真新闻。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">事实上，意大利的大亨总理贝鲁斯科尼经常让人联想到美国总统川普，虽然后者不是媒体大亨，却是操弄媒体之王：他不仅经常公然制造谎言（或“另类事实/alternative facts”），甚至反过来指责那些最具名声的媒体是“假新闻”。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">因此，这个时代的问题甚至不是“报纸创造新闻”，所以那些新闻未必能呈现事实，因为如今报纸已经越来越少人看，越来越缺乏权威。现在的关键问题是，当谣言和假新闻在社交媒体上四处流传时，没有人再相信新闻，没有人再信仰事实。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">这个“后真相”时代的结果是，</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">我们失去了探求真理的兴趣与能力，丧失了对公共生活参与的兴趣。</strong>接着，民主必然会萎缩，最能操弄情绪的政客会崛起；这其实就是川普当选的原因。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">在《试刊号》最后，有段对话提到，即使人们看到许多重大新闻，但他们会说，“真的吗？这真是有趣啊。然后他们会转过头去继续做他们的事。”埃科在接受美国公共广播电台访问时针对这段话响应说：“我的小说的最终启示在于，过去三十年有许多可怕事情发生，我们在媒体上读到了他们。但真正的悲剧不是炸弹爆炸或有许多人死去，而是我们对这个事实是冷漠的。以及，</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">我们在周一读到了某些新闻，但在周二我们就遗忘了我们读过的东西。这才是真正的悲剧。</strong>”</p><div></div>