<div></div><div><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">据知情人士透露,特朗普(Donald Trump)政府要求中国制定一项计划,将美中贸易逆差减少1,000亿美元。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">而特朗普周三发推文说,美国政府要求中国将美中贸易逆差减少10亿美元。这在美中年度贸易逆差中只占不到0.3%,大约相当于一天的贸易逆差。特朗普的推文似乎少说了990亿美元。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">据知情人士说,上周,在中国经济政策主要设计师刘鹤访问华盛顿期间,特朗普政府官员向刘鹤提出将美中贸易逆差减少1,000亿美元的要求。刘鹤在华盛顿表示,缩小庞大的美中贸易逆差符合中国利益,因为中国正在尝试转离出口导向性增长模式。目前无法得知这个削减目标对中国是否可行,以及中国将提出什么样的计划。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">有中国官员向康奈尔大学(Cornell University)经济学家普拉萨德(Eswar Prasad)介绍了刘鹤出访的情况。普拉萨德说,中国官员告诉他,美国要求将双边贸易逆差减少约三分之一。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">在特朗普发布推文的同时,全球贸易紧张局势还在不断加剧,全球两大经济体美国和中国的关系成为焦点。特朗普1月份推出了主要针对中国太阳能板的关税,现在又计划向所有出口到美国的钢铝征收高额关税。这项计划已在全球引发贸易战焦虑,也遭到美国贸易伙伴和美国议员的普遍反对。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">美国的征税计划预计不会给中国钢铝制造商造成太大影响,但未来几个月可能出台的措施对中国的打击可能更大。特朗普政府即将完成对中国盗取和征用美国知识产权指控的调查,正在考虑对中国实施全面贸易和投资惩罚。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">特朗普周三推文说,已要求中国制定一项年度计划,把美中之间庞大的贸易逆差削减10亿美元。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">特朗普接下来写道,美中关系非常好,美方期待中方的回应,必须迅速采取行动。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">特朗普在谈论贸易逆差的推文之后又跟了一条推文说,美国正迅速采取行动,应对知识产权侵权行为,不能允许这种行为在这么多年后继续存在。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">美国科技公司一直在为政府可能采取的行动做准备,他们担心未来几周就可能有结果。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">面对特朗普不断升级的贸易攻势,中国政府官员的回应比较谨慎。中国外交部长王毅周四在全国人大间隙举行的新闻发布会上表示,若爆发贸易战,中方必将做出正当和必要的反应。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">特朗普死死盯住贸易逆差不放,这让中国官员和贸易专家感到沮丧,他们认为这种贸易失衡主要归咎于美国人对进口商品的过度消费,惩罚中国并非解决之道。一些官员对美国限制对华高科技产品出口也提出异议,认为如果美国不先放松这些限制,双边贸易逆差不会减少。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">中国周四公布的数据显示,2月份中国对美贸易顺差环比小幅收窄,从1月份219亿美元降至略低于210亿美元,但由于出口激增44.5%,中国的全球贸易顺差进一步扩大。中美贸易顺差占中国全球贸易顺差的近三分之二。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">麦格理集团(Macquarie Group)中国经济学家胡伟俊(Larry Hu)说,目前的经济数据表明贸易战威胁真实存在。他指出,1-2月份中美贸易顺差创下历史同期最高水平。为了平衡每年春节假期时间不同造成的数据扭曲,年初数据通常需要合并解读。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)中国问题研究员杜大伟(David Dollar)说,站在美国的角度,要求中国放开更多市场以促进美国出口的做法合情合理,但未必会减轻双边贸易失衡。他指出,几乎可以肯定的是,贸易差额将继续扩大,因为特朗普的减税政策将刺激美国人的需求,包括对进口商品的需求。奥巴马政府时期,杜大伟曾担任美国财政部驻中国高级官员。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">特朗普高级经济顾问科恩(Gary Cohn)的辞职更是加剧了贸易战担忧。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">科恩曾被视为白宫内部最倡导全球主义经济原则的官员,他反对特朗普的钢铁和铝关税计划。外界认为,Peter Navarro是接替科恩的潜在人选,而Navarro对中国的贸易行为提出过尖锐批评,他也是《致命中国》(Death by China)一书的作者。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">特朗普政府摒弃了往届政府奉行的策略,即通过定期与中国对话的方式为美国企业争取利益。许多美国官员认为,这项策略给美国企业带来的好处寥寥无几,却让中国成了全球贸易大国,坐拥巨大顺差。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">美国现在的做法是终止正式的双边磋商,要求中国进行全面经济改革,比如取消国企补贴,为在华美国公司提供公平竞争环境。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">周三全国人大会议间隙,习近平经济顾问刘鹤试图安抚与会代表,称中美将保持沟通以缓解贸易紧张局势。刘鹤刚刚结束华盛顿之行回国。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">刘鹤在华盛顿期间与包括科恩、财政部长姆努钦(Steven Mnuchin)和贸易代表莱特希泽(Robert Lighthizer)在内的美国高层官员做了会谈,他表示与美方的交流坦率且具有建设性。</p><p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px none #333333; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 18px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">刘鹤向大约60位人大代表说,双方均表示不打贸易战。</p> </div>