两会修宪知多少?三组图秒懂大陆与台湾立法程序

<p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">BBC中文三组图带您了解中国的&#8220;民意代表&#8221;如何选出?如何立法?对岸&#8220;实行民主&#8221;的台湾又是如何?</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中国全国人大周日(3月11日)以近乎全票通过修宪草案,正式删除国家正副主席连任不得超过两届的规定,修宪前后,国内外舆论已掀起波澜。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">每年基本在同期召开的中国全国人民代表大会、中国人民政治协商会议称为&#8220;全国两会&#8221;,这是一年一度中国&#8220;民意代表&#8221;能够议政的机会。</span></p><ul style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; background-color: #ffffff;"><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a href="http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/43365998" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">西方媒体看中国修宪:大权独揽未必长治久安</span></a></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a href="http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-43362348" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">一片噤声中人大近全票通过修宪 海内外学者表忧虑批评</span></a></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a href="http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-43279661" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2018中国两会:人大将审议宪法修正案 当局风声鹤唳</span></a></li></ul><h2><span style="font-size: 12pt;">政府组织架构</span></h2><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/312201812-3.png" width="640" height="1829" alt="" />&nbsp;</div><div><span style="color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">台湾政府架构依照孙中山创建的&#8220;三民主义&#8221;,行使权利互相制衡的&#8220;五权分立&#8221;制度。</span><br /><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/312201812-3-1.png" width="640" height="1944" alt="" />&nbsp;</div><div><h2><span style="font-size: 12pt;">两岸立法程序比一比</span></h2><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/312201812-3-2.png" width="640" height="1387" alt="" />&nbsp;<p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">据《中国人民共和国立法法》,全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权,全国人民代表大会制定和修改刑事、民事、国家机构的和其他的基本法律,全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定和修改除了应当由全国人民代表大会制定的法律以外的其他法律。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">在全国人大和人大常委会的立法程序中,都包括提出法案、审议法案、表决法案、公布法案四个步骤。中国人大网文章称,中国立法有广泛听取各方面意见的制度,包括听证会和向社会公布草案征求意见等。但是,也有专家认为,中国立法过多体现党政组织和上级意志,民众参与立法不够。</span></p></div><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/312201812-3-3.png" width="640" height="2393" alt="" />&nbsp;</div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">在台湾,立法院是台湾最高立法机关,会期每年两次,二月至五月底及九月至十二月底是法定集會期間,集会由委員自行發起,由各党团协商决定开议日期,必要时可以依法延长会期。</span></p><h2><span style="font-size: 12pt;">民意代表如何选出?</span></h2><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/312201812-3-4.png" width="640" height="780" alt="" />&nbsp;</div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">据《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法》,人大代表选举分为直接选举和间接选举两种。不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县、乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会的代表,由选民直接选举;全国人民代表大会的代表,省、自治区、直辖市、设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会的代表,由下一级人民代表大会选举。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">法律规定,年满18周岁的中国公民,除了被剥夺政治权利的人,都有选举权和被选举权。但是,不少人认为中国的人大代表选举一直是走过场。有媒体报道称,一些独立候选人遭到中国当局的打压。</span></p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Mar/312201812-3-5.png" width="640" height="1278" alt="" />&nbsp;</div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">台湾的总统、副总统任期四年,连选得连任一次。候选人可经由政党推荐,无党籍参选人也可以经由连署达到参选门槛。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">立法委员、地方民意代表、地方行政首长是由选民直接投票产生,&#8220;一人一票,票票等值&#8221;。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">以投票权来说,年满20岁且在该地区居住满4个月以上的人民即有投票权,不须另外办理选民登记。被选举权来说,不同的民意代表有不同参选年纪门槛。选举人和被选举人都必须具有中华民国国籍。</span></p>&nbsp;</div>


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