<div></div><div><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">一向以笼罩着浓重的工业烟雾闻名的中国首都北京，过去几个月享受着更频繁到来的蓝天。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">去年，北京市空气PM2.5（对人体健康极为有害的微小颗粒物）平均浓度下降了逾五分之一，这显示出中国将重工业迁出北京、减少煤炭依赖的意愿正在对环境产生积极影响。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">然而，北京市的空气污染水平总是随着经济规划的变化而波动，表明雾霾的缓解或许只是暂时的——在冬季控制污染措施取消后，本月北京连续多天出现雾霾天气，让人加剧了这种担忧。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 35.2px; color: #d66d06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"><img src="http://i.ftimg.net/images/2018/03/2f90480ece9dbf9925f5ab5a3f00e78e.png" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: medium; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block;" alt="" /></div><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">“中国过去几年的减污努力举世瞩目，”位于芝加哥的能源政策研究所(Energy Policy Institute)的所长迈克尔•格林斯通(Michael Greenstone)说，“接下来的问题是……他们是否会转向那种调控方式，即更好地实现对于延续强劲经济增长势头的迫切需要。”</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">自去年开始，北京驱逐了成千上万外来务工人员，与此同时，北京和上海周边的很多小型工厂被拆除。此举减少了与家庭取暖和灰色经济活动相关的排放。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">去年11月至今年3月，在通常因燃煤供暖导致雾霾天气增多的冬季供暖期间，北京实现了空气污染水平的下降。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">这部分得益于政策制定者的协同努力——转用价格更贵的液化天然气供暖，使中国去年的液化天然气进口增长了46%。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">此外，位于邻近北京的河北省、规模在全国排在前列的一些钢厂被要求减产一半，到今年3月中旬为止，以进一步减少冬季供暖期间令人窒息的雾霾。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">绿色和平组织专家柳力(Lauri Myllyvirta)表示，这些措施加在一起，“空前快速地”改善了北京的空气质量。但它们也带来了意想不到的后果：“这些限制措施导致工业生产从冬季转至夏季、从北京地区转至中国其他地区。”</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 35.2px; color: #d66d06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"><img src="http://i.ftimg.net/images/2018/03/5e31ec6d8bf741ac2f6034e0f35f9d28.png" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: medium; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block;" alt="" /></div><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">与此同时，2018年初的刺激支出可能使得工业活动大增，从而导致重度空气污染卷土重来。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">例如，去年10月中共十九大召开前，工业活动大幅上扬如此之巨，以至于中国的年度煤炭消耗量出现了3年来的首次增长。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">中国东北省份2012年至2016年的经济低迷帮助减少了这一时期的总体颗粒物排放量。这有助于中国实现到2017年12月截止的“十三五”规划中提出的环境目标。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">全国能源消耗量自那时起开始攀升。通常情况下，由于春节期间全国放假，1月和2月的用电量不会太高。但今年头两个月，电力消耗量出现了创纪录的逾11%的增长，这很可能是由建筑、钢铁和水泥生产等重工业活动造成的。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 35.2px; color: #d66d06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"><img src="http://i.ftimg.net/images/2018/03/d335218799c45b62fc84fe347ec1f025.png" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: medium; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block;" alt="" /></div><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;"></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">能源经济和财务分析研究所(Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis)主管之一蒂姆•巴克利(Tim Buckley)说：“（重工业）是能源密集型行业。通过地方政府支出来刺激经济活动和提振就业也往往依赖于重工业。”</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">然而，巴克利表示，这些短期经济收益意味着更少的蓝天，加重本就烟雾弥漫的3月的污染，“为了给重工业提供能源，你会燃烧一切——煤炭、天然气、核能——这正是我担心的。”</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">韩碧如(Lucy Hornby)北京补充报道。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 1em; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28.336px; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Heiti SC", STHeiti, "Microsoft Yahei", SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; background-color: #fff1e5;">译者/申凯</p> </div>