<div></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">印度麦克劳德甘吉——一首感谢印度的原创歌曲已排练完毕,新德里的一个体育场也已预留给了一个庆祝集会——所有的这些,都是达赖喇嘛及其追随者想对印度表示的感谢。60年前,中国镇压了西藏叛乱者后,印度为他们提供了庇护。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">然而,原定于本周末举行的“感谢印度”庆祝活动在新德里引发了担忧,也在藏人中引发了尴尬。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">一项来自印度外交部长的指示敦促官员们放弃他们收到的邀请。指示直言不讳地说,庆祝活动的时间与新德里和北京发展关系的“敏感时间”巧合。印度和中国的官员正在举行一系列高层会晤,印度将这些会晤宣传为缓和双方日益紧张关系的努力。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">主办方撤回了向印度高层官员发出的邀请,活动场所也从首都的一个体育场搬回到僻静的北部小镇麦克劳德甘吉,这里是达赖喇嘛寺院和西藏流亡政府的所在地。由于麦克劳德甘吉没有其他宗教的代表,原定在新德里举行的跨宗教祈祷活动干脆被取消了,而不是换个地方举行。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“我们在德里接触了许多高级官员,也邀请了他们,”西藏流亡政府发言人、原定活动的主要组织者索南达波(Sonam Dagpo)说。“但外交部长的通知非常清楚地说,印度官员不应该参加这场活动。所以为什么要继续搞呢?这是一场徒劳。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">被取消的活动凸显了印度在试图取悦和制衡中国上所处的困境,由于中国近来有意展示自己军事力量的增长,这种困境的难度也越来越大。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">尽管中国指责达赖喇嘛及其他藏传佛教流亡者是危险的分裂分子,但印度一直让他们留在那里。不过,印度政府也在本国与中国关系的关键时刻多次试图限制这位宗教领袖的活动,这次显然就是这种努力之一。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/03/21/world/00tibet-2/merlin_135782934_51da2ceb-34ca-4caf-8e5a-6d397d3f22db-master1050.jpg" alt="去年,在麦克劳德甘吉举行的纪念西藏起义的游行。印度正试图缓和该国与中国日益紧张的关系。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/03/21/world/00tibet-2/merlin_135782934_51da2ceb-34ca-4caf-8e5a-6d397d3f22db-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">去年,在麦克劳德甘吉举行的纪念西藏起义的游行。印度正试图缓和该国与中国日益紧张的关系。</span><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">SANJAY BAID/EPA,VIA SHUTTERSTOCK</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">印度正试图鼓励与中国发展贸易关系,鼓励来自中国的投资,同时也在军事力量现代化上努力追赶中国。印度对于中国迅速扩张的军力以及<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/09/world/asia/china-us-asia-rivalry.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/09/world/asia/china-us-asia-rivalry.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">中国在围绕着印度的南亚地区日益增长的影响力</a>有所担心。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中国正在深入到印度传统盟友和邻国的纵深,在斯里兰卡和巴基斯坦<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20171213/sri-lanka-china-port/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">修建港口</a>,加强与尼泊尔的贸易和<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20171218/nepal-election-winners/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">政治关系</a>,并在<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180222/maldives-china-india/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">马尔代夫进入紧急状态</a>时向东印度洋派遣了军舰。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“在流亡藏人社区问题上向中国让步,在很大程度上是象征性的,”布鲁塞尔自由大学(Free University of Brussels)的国际政治学教授乔纳森<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">·</span>霍尔斯拉格(Jonathan Holslag)说。“但这确实标志着印度与中国相比的脆弱。中国正在迅速实现其军事存在的现代化,而印度在这方面还没有跟上。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">北京已在今年3月把年度国防预算增加到1.1万亿元人民币(约合1750亿美元),这让新德里在几周前宣布的450亿美元的国防预算相形见绌。印度陆军总参谋长抱怨说,这个悬殊的差距“<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mps-panel-slams-govt-for-starving-armed-forces-of-funds/articleshow/63288851.cms" title="Link: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mps-panel-slams-govt-for-starving-armed-forces-of-funds/articleshow/63288851.cms" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">让我们的现代化‘希望破灭’</a>”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">印度外交部长在指示中提到的将与中国举行会谈,是自去年两国发生<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20170727/dolam-plateau-china-india-bhutan/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">军事争端</a>以来最高级别的会谈。争端发生前,中国在喜马拉雅山脉的一小块有争议的土地上,对一条土路进行了扩建改造。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">虽然争端在去年8月已得到解决,但一些人担心,印度和中国军队在那次争端中互相投掷石块、互相向对方拍胸脯的做法会再次发生。印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)也许特别担心这种可能性,因为他明年将面临大选。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在未来的几个月里,印度国防部长和外交部长将分别与他们的中国同行见面;之后,莫迪和习近平主席将在6月份举行会晤。据驻新德里的西方外交官说,议程上的主要问题是贸易和边界争端。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/03/21/world/00tibet-3/merlin_135784746_59588d5a-c806-4705-b242-c35e71176c90-master1050.jpg" alt="达兰萨拉郊区的麦克劳德甘吉是达赖喇嘛的庙宇和西藏流亡政府的所在地。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/03/21/world/00tibet-3/merlin_135784746_59588d5a-c806-4705-b242-c35e71176c90-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">达兰萨拉郊区的麦克劳德甘吉是达赖喇嘛的庙宇和西藏流亡政府的所在地。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">VWPICS, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">西藏流亡政府在<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/govt-asks-to-skip-dalai-lama-events-attempts-to-mend-fences-with-beijing-5083439/" title="Link: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/govt-asks-to-skip-dalai-lama-events-attempts-to-mend-fences-with-beijing-5083439/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">当地一家报纸</a>报道了印度政府官员收到不得参加的命令之后,才意识到了新德里方面对计划中的庆祝活动的焦虑。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">印度外交部发言人拉维什·库马尔(Raveesh Kumar)说,印度政府并没有在达赖喇嘛的问题上改变立场,他说,“尊者有在印度从事其宗教活动的一切自由。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">去年曾发生过这方面的问题,在<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20170407/dalai-lama-sucessor-tibet-china-buddhism/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">达赖喇嘛访问了一个印度北部省份</a>之后,中国曾要求印度阻止这位佛教领袖前往该地区,中国对那个地区的主权也有争议。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但分析人士说,总体而言,在达赖喇嘛和其他问题上,印度对中国的态度已经明显变得更加谨慎了。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“这不是绥靖政策。中国已改进了自己在所有洽谈上的相对地位,”卡内基国际和平基金会(Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)印度中心负责人C·拉贾·莫汉(C. Raja Mohan)说。“印度的主要目标是,在避免对抗的同时,管理好两国之间的关系,同时给自己留出空间,得以发展、赶上并提高自己讨价还价的地位。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在经济方面,印度为努力实现自己雄心勃勃的增长目标,一直依赖与中国的贸易。但印度也面临着与中国的510亿美元的贸易逆差,这让新德里在讨价还价上的能力较弱。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“印度越来越不愿意与流亡藏人打交道,因为印度的经济力量越来越弱,”布鲁塞尔自由大学的霍尔斯拉格说。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“莫迪的假设是,中国的投资对实现其发展印度基础设施和工业的计划至关重要,因此也对增加他赢得下次选举的概率至关重要,”霍尔斯拉格说。“这才是关键所在:印度人想要的是就业机会,而不是与中国对抗。”</p> </div>