<div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Apr/4112018640.jpeg" border="0" alt="" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;" /></div><div></div><div> <p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">按：本文摘录自哈耶克《致命的自负》（冯克利</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">等译</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">），中国社会科学出版社，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">2000</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">年版。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">……………………</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">“我的论证并不反对正确地运用理性。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">所谓‘正确运用理性’，我是指那种承认自我局限性的理性，进行自我教育的理性。</strong>它要正视经济学和生物学所揭示的令人惊奇的事实所包含的意义，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">即在未经设计的情况下生成的秩序，能够大大超越人们自觉设计的计划。”</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.3</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“道德准则并非我们理性的结果。”（哈耶克转引自休谟）</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.4</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">“现代经济学解释了这种扩展秩序如何能够产生的原因，以及它自身如何形成了一个信息收集的过程，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">它能够使广泛分布的信息公之于众并使其得到利用，这些信息不用说哪个个人，即使是任何中央计划机构，也是无法全部知道、占有或控制的。亚当·斯密明白，人的知识是分散的。”</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.11</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“谁都无权既攻击分立的财产又自称看重文明。这两种现象的历史是不能割裂的。”（哈耶克转引自梅因）</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.28</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“人们享有公民自由的资格，与他们对自己的性情施以道德约束的愿望成正比；与他们把热爱公正置于个人贪婪之上成正比。”（哈耶克转引自柏克）</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.28</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">“文明可以扩展，但是在接管了公民日常事务处理权的政府的统治下，它不太可能得到很大发展。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">如果没有一个把保护私有财产作为自己主要目标的政府，似乎不大可能发展出先进的文明。</strong>”</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.32</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">“如果说，罗马的衰落并没有永久终止欧洲的进化过程，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">但是亚洲的类似发展（后来又出现在中美洲）却被强大的政府所阻止，这些政府（和欧洲中世纪的封建制度相似，但其权力却超过了欧洲）有效地抑制了私人的首创精神。其中最显著者莫过于中华帝国，在一再出现的政府控制暂时受到削弱的‘麻烦时期’，文明和精巧的工业技术获得了巨大进步。但是这些反叛或脱离常规的表现，无一例外地被国家的力量所窒息，因为它一心只想原封不动地维持传统秩序。”</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.32</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“无财产的地方亦无公正。”</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.34</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“在大卫·休谟以及</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">18</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">世纪的一些苏格兰道德学家和学者看来，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分立的财产得到承认，显然标志着文明的开始；规范产权的规则似乎是一切道德的关键之所在。</strong>……<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">后来，他又在自己的《英格兰史》中，把国家的强盛归功于政府干涉财产的权力受到了限制。”</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.34</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">休谟明确指出了这些思想和自由的关系，以及</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一切人的最大自由要根据他所说的三条“基本的自然法则”，即“所有权的稳定、其转移需经同意以及信守承诺”。（注：又称为“休谟三原则”）</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.34</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“有商业的地方，便有美德。”（哈耶克转引自孟德斯鸠）</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.39</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">“我们必须自我警惕，切不可认为科学方法的实践增强了人类理智的能力。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以为在一个或数个科学领域里出类拔萃的人士，在思考日常事务上也会聪明过人，与经验相悖者，莫此为甚。”（哈耶克转引自特罗特）</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.51</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“这种特殊形式的理性主义（注：建构主义或唯科学主义）一直是我过去</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">60</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">年来从事研究的出发点。我在这些研究中力求证明，它是病态思维的产物，是一种滥用理性的错误的科学学说和理性学说，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">最为重要的是它不可避免地导致对人类各种制度的性质和发生做出错误的解释。道学家们利用这种解释，以理性和文明最高价值的名义，终于开始去奉承一些相对而言事业无成的人，教唆人们满足自己的原始欲望。”</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.52</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“卢梭为知识分子发放了许可证，使他们得以抛弃文化限制，为争取不受限制——自由之成为可能，正是因为这些限制——的‘自由’找到了理由，并且能够把这种对自由基础的攻击称为‘解放’，</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">此后人们对财产的怀疑便日益加深，不再普遍认为它是促成扩展秩序的关键要素。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">人们日益认为，规范分立的财产范围与转移的规则，可以用中央对其用途的决定权取而代之。”</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.53-54</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">“分立的财产制度并不是自私的制度，它不是、也不可能是为了把财主的意志强加给其他人而‘发明’出来的。相反，它的好处是普遍的，</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">因为它把生产的支配权，从少数不管如何自负、知识毕竟有限的个人那儿，转移给了一个过程，即扩展秩序，它使所有人的知识得到了最大限度的利用。”</strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.87</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">有益的传统被保留下来并至少传递了足够长的时间，使遵循它们的群体的人口得以增加并有机会在自然或文化选择中扩张，我们认为这在一定程度上要归因于神秘主义和宗教信仰，而且我们相信，尤其应归因于一神教信仰。</strong>这就是说，不管是否喜欢，我们应把某些习惯的维持，以及从这些习惯中产生的文明，在一定程度上归因于一些信仰的支持，这些信仰从科学的意义上讲是不真实的，即无法证实或无法检验的，并且它们肯定不是理性论证的结果。”</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.158</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 32px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“宗教是怎样维护了有益的习俗呢？有些习俗的益处并不为遵守习俗的人所知，</span><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">这些习俗只有在得到其他一些强烈信念的支持时，才有可能被保留足够长的时间以增加它们的选择优势；有些超自然的或神秘的信仰很容易地起到了这一作用。”</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">p.159-160</strong></p></div><div></div>