<div style="text-align: center;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Apr/42520180.jpeg" border="0" alt="" width="660" height="440" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;" /></div><div> </div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="caret-color: #aaaaaa; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: Arial; background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 12pt;">1959年，毛泽东（右一）在杭州与胡绳（右三）等一起读苏联《政治经济学教科书》。（资料图）</span></div><div> </div><div><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">但凡对1950-1960年代的外国学术、文学和政治类图书的翻译与出版情况有过关注的人，一定都会对“清河编译组”和“北京编译社”这两个机构多少有些印象。事实上，即使到了改革开放以后，这两个机构当年翻译的不少译著一直都在重印，以前积压的旧稿也陆续有新刊；更不用说，其部分劫后余生的成员在新时期中国的翻译界、出版界、学术界、教育界继续发挥着重要作用。虽然他们中的绝大多数人如今都已经故去，但是他们为新中国的翻译出版和文化教育事业做出的杰出贡献，不应该被遗忘。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">遗憾的是，由于历史的原因，此前国内一直缺乏关于“清河翻译组”和“北京编译社”的系统介绍和权威说明，甚至就连《中国翻译词典》这样的大型专业工具书都没有专门设词条。近些年来，得益于黄鸿森先生的努力，“北京编译社”的一些基本情况得以披露。然而，对于“清河翻译组”，至今未见任何总体性介绍。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">笔者不揣浅陋，试图把目前关于“清河翻译组”的非常零散、模糊的回忆和记述做一些补缀和贯通，大致描绘出它的来龙去脉。文中揣测、错漏之处在所难免，唯请当事人、知情者指正和补充，俾使半个世纪前的这一陈迹往事不致完全湮灭。</span></p><section style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; border-color: #5f0101; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 1; color: #ffffff; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">1</span></section></section><span style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: inherit; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">翻译组的成立</span></p></span></section><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">所谓“清河翻译组”指的是1950-1960年代，北京市监狱（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">俗称北京市第一监狱、半步桥监狱，原址在北京市宣武区自新路21号，1993年9月拆迁</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）利用在押服刑的犯人以及刑满释放留场就业人员为相关机构（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">以出版社为主，也有其他企事业单位</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）提供外语翻译服务以及完成上级交办的其他翻译任务而设立的生产小组。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">新中国对在押犯人实行思想教育与生产劳动相结合的改造方针，所有服刑人员在监狱中都需要进行强制性劳动。在生产经营活动中，北京市监狱使用“北京市清河联合工厂”的名称，旗下有袜厂、塑料厂、印刷厂、毛巾厂等，另有工程队、翻译组等生产单位。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">北京市监狱系统的劳改、劳教单位多以“清河”“新都”“新生”命名，“清河”的名称沿袭自北京劳改农场的前身“清河训练大队”，寓意是“昭示他们通过清清的河水，洗涤前非，重新做人”。因此，特别需要注意的是，不能把“清河翻译组”的“清河”理解为北京市海淀区的清河镇（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">街道</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">），也不能把它理解为隶属于北京市监狱系统的、新中国第一个劳改农场清河农场（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">俗称茶淀农场，北京市在天津宁河境内的一块“飞地”</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">），虽然清河农场也曾存在过相关的业务。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“清河翻译组”是何人发起、何时启动、何时结束，其运作方式如何，以及曾经有哪些人士在其中服务过？</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">出版界老前辈陈锋、汪守本回忆说，1954年8月出版家郭敬调任时代出版社任社长兼总编辑，他对时代出版社采取了一系列改革措施，其中包括“和清河劳改农场联系，利用在清河监狱中服刑的、精通外语的高级知识分子的知识，为时代出版社翻译某些书籍或给某些稿件作初步加工。……这个建议得到了公安、司法部门的赞同与配合”。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">这个说法从道理上是完全讲得通的，但我们检索发现，时代出版社译者署名为“清河”的译作从1954年6月开始即有出版，并且主要集中在1954、1955两年。“清河”译的出版物共计有80种左右，时代之外的大约8家出版社出版了30种左右，特别是中华书局、五十年代出版社、中国青年出版社在1953年就有“清河”署名的译著，都早于时代出版社。黄鸿森也推测说，“北京市监狱曾在1953年左右抽调通晓外语的犯人成立翻译组，称清河翻译组”。可见，狱中翻译组动议于郭敬一说不能成立，它的成立时间应早于1953年6月。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">不过，说清河翻译组最初主要为时代出版社译书，因而与郭敬有很大关系，却是完全可能的。时代出版社在1953年移交中国政府，主要出版苏联作品。翻译组“最初只有俄文一个文种，后来增加了英、德、日、法等文种。最初只为时代出版社译书，……后来译书范围扩大了，为多家出版社译书，笔名甚多”。在数量上，署名“清河”的译著大多数由时代出版社出版；虽然最早署名“清河译”的著作由中华书局出版，但并不排除这种可能性：使用狱中翻译组的做法由时代首倡，随后其他出版社介入，并且因为某种原因其他出版社的选题先于时代出版。正是基于这种关系，在1958年时代出版社改制合并入商务印书馆之后，翻译组的相关业务也转到了商务。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">如果我们的推测大致不谬，那么，从1953年设立到1966年解散（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">这是它最有可能的解散时间</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">），清河翻译组存续的时间超过了十年。</span></p><section style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; border-color: #5f0101; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 1; color: #ffffff; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">2</span></section></section><span style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: inherit; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">翻译组的运作</span></p></span></section><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">关于清河翻译组的具体运作情况，我们按照大致的时间顺序整理一下现有的回忆材料。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">1951年初被判刑的朱良澐（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1927-，燕京大学新闻系毕业，改革开放后任中学英语教师。本文提到相关人物，在历次政治运动中所获罪名或法院判决，绝大多数在改革开放后都得到了平反，判决被撤销，限于篇幅，不一一说明</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）回忆说，“女犯纺线织袜子，我有文化，被搁在清河印刷厂翻译组搞翻译。翻译组二十来个犯人，个个懂外语，有的还精通好几个国家的语言”。她提到的翻译组成员有沈立中、张文华等。朱服刑八年，1958年9月刑满释放。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">按照黄鸿森（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1921-，退休前任中国大百科全书出版社编审</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）的回忆，他在1954年被判刑后，先是在北京监狱织布厂劳动改造，1955年初调入狱中翻译组，1959年9月获释。“狱中翻译组是调集一些通晓外语的犯人组成的。我进去时有十多人，我离开时约30人”。除了一位名叫方思让的“满腹经纶的狱友”之外，他没有提到翻译组的其他成员。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">从时间上看，朱良澐和黄鸿森应该有交集，但他们的说法互有出入。由于我们完全不清楚他们服刑的具体情况（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">他们都关押在北京市监狱</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">），所以也就无从确定，这些出入是因为个人记忆的原因还是因为他们所在的根本就不是同一个翻译组。笔者倾向于前者；不过，依据同时期出版的出自翻译组之手的译著的工作量来看，无论是二十多人，还是三十多人，规模似乎都小了点。可以作为佐证的是，1959年9月被关押进北京市监狱的鲍若望回忆说，那里有一个由140名专家组成的翻译大队，“翻译大队的定额是每人每天4000字。人们分组工作，一人翻译，一人校对。隔一天一换工作。他们是一个杰出的、多才多艺的集体。中译外、外译中都干”。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">如果说鲍若望关于翻译组运作方式的描述只是传闻的话，那么1958年夏到1964年底服刑的何宗智（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1925-，退休前任北京市朝阳区政协副秘书长</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）的回忆则是其亲身经历了：“我记得当时的翻译组分工非常细致，包括各种语言。我因为当时的英语还好，就被分配到了英文组。其间我翻译了《西班牙共产党史》十余万字；此外还翻译了有关电器、机械、养蜂、天文、地理、自然科学等方面的各种著作、论文大约二十余万字。除此以外，还有德文组、日文组、俄文组等七八个组，都是按照语言来分类。”</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">根据笔者目前掌握的信息，除了前面提到的几位之外，参加过清河翻译组的还有：燕庚奇（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1900-？，日本京都帝国大学毕业，曾任张学良机要秘书</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、朱亚英（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">？-1982，德国高级警官学校毕业，曾任胡宗南部少将参谋</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、徐璋本（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1911-1988，清华大学物理学教授</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、郑衡（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1916-1989，民主党派人士</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、董果良（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1922-？，中国人民大学翻译</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、罗自梅（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1925-？，民盟中央机关人员</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、陈焕章（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1925-2012，天主教神父</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、周光淦（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1927-？，中央民族学院研究部人员</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、江氏堂兄弟江泽垓（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">高等教育出版社编辑</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）和江泽墉（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">外文出版社编辑</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、贺永增（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1929-？，北京大学西语系学生</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、奚瑞森（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1929-，新华社翻译</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、江枫（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1929-，北京大学中文系学生</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、徐式谷（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1935-2017，北京大学西语系资料员</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、陈奉孝（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1936-，北京大学数学系学生</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）。董果良、奚瑞森、江枫、徐式谷后来都成为著名的翻译家，他们以及前文提到的黄鸿森在《中国翻译家辞典》和《中国翻译大词典》有专门的条目记载其履历和成就，但他们的履历都没有提及翻译组这一片段。</span></p><section style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; border-color: #5f0101; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 1; color: #ffffff; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">3</span></section></section><span style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">与编译社的关系</span></p></span></section><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">事实上，清河翻译组和北京编译社有着密切而复杂的关系，它们是无法切割的，但也不能混为一谈。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">北京编译社成立于1956年7月，由当时的北京市副市长兼公安局长冯基平提议，经中共北京市委报请党中央批准；社长由北京市人民委员会副秘书长李续纲兼任，主持日常工作的副社长先后由北京市公安局的副处级干部李蕴生、王建斌担任。编译社的主要任务是为出版社翻译正规出版物，以及为相关机构翻译文献资料，也为外单位借用临时担任口译工作。1958年商务印书馆恢复独立建制后，商务印书馆总编辑陈翰伯兼任编译社总编辑，并由商务印书馆派出黄子祥担任编译社总编室主任管理业务。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">由此可见，北京编译社实际上接受双重领导：业务上，由出版部门兼管；政治上和人事上，则由公安部门监管。一旦了解这一背景，便不难看出，北京编译社与清河翻译组在很大程度上是一脉相承的，可以说，前者是后者的一种拓展与延伸。它们在业务和人事上的联系也得到了关键性的揭示：“编译社成立，该组（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">清河翻译组</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）的翻译业务遂归编译社代管，由总编室陈崇来负责此项业务的联系。从1956年至1965年，清河翻译组翻译能手刑满释放后进入编译社工作的共有9人”。这9人中就包括黄鸿森、贺永增、徐式谷和江枫。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">至此，二者的关系似乎已经得到了很好的澄清；然而，编译社成立后，翻译组还继续存在，并且在业务上接受编译社的代管，特别是翻译组不便处理的一些事务还要以编译社的名义代理，所以，二者往往会被混为一谈。比如，资深出版家沈昌文在回忆1960年代初他在人民出版社（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">以副牌三联书店的名义</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）组译“灰皮书”时提到：“当年还有一个翻译机构，叫‘北京编译社’。这大概只是一个名义，实际上译者都是监狱里的犯人，因此我也从没见过。但见过译稿，大概译日文的最在行，因为那里有不少伪满时期的战犯。他们的译稿，都用笔名：何清新（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">何清，清河劳改农场的反称；‘新’指‘自新’</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）”</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">沈先生的这段话有三处错误：首先，虽然北京编译社与清河翻译组有一定的渊源关系，人事上有少量交叉，业务上有密切合作，前者还代理后者的一些事务，但二者毕竟不是一回事，尤其不能说北京编译社“大概只是一个名义”，更不能说其译员都是“监狱里的犯人”；其次，北京编译社人员翻译的作品通常署机构名或者译者的本名，只有个别作品署过“贝金”的笔名，一般不使用化名，而“何清新”则是清河翻译组最有名的化名之一，但他又误以为“何清”是清河农场的反称——前面已经指出，清河翻译组设在北京市监狱，而非清河农场；再次，无论是清河翻译组，还是北京编译社，其人员构成远不限于伪满战犯和附日知识精英，其翻译也谈不上“译日文的最在行”，署名“何清新译”的著作甚至没有一本译自日文。类似的错误也见之于前述陈锋、汪守本的回忆文章，“这些犯人翻译的东西，在时代出版社时署名‘清河’，在商务印书馆时改组为‘北京编译社’”。</span></p><section style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; border-color: #5f0101; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 1; color: #ffffff; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">4</span></section></section><span style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">翻译组的译品</span></p></span></section><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">从现有的回忆来看，清河翻译组以及北京编译社承接的业务范围非常广泛，其中大量翻译过来的文献资料——政治、军事和科技文献、设备说明书等实用技术资料——是不会公开出版的，而且肯定还有不少后来因为各种原因并未出版的译著。因此，下面关于翻译组译品和署名的探求追索，仅限于公开出版的教育、科技、文学、学术和政治类图书。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">1956年北京编译社成立后，与清河翻译组在业务上展开了密切的合作。根据黄鸿森的记述，我们可以确定它们至少在以下两种书的翻译中存在合作。第一种是苏联科学院经济研究所编《政治经济学教科书》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">修订第三版，人民出版社，1959年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">），该书的版权页称：“本版由北京编译社依据原译本改译，由编译局及其他有关单位校订。”此书“任务很急，我清楚地记得是连夜赶译的”，其时黄鸿森尚在狱中，所以他是作为翻译组成员参与翻译的；他推定，“北京编译社的翻译人员也参加了此书的改译工作，集体之作，故以‘北京编译社’署名”。从目前掌握的信息来看，起码翻译组的董果良、编译社的傅中午也参与了此书的翻译。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">另外一种是苏联科学院编《世界通史》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">三联书店，1959年开始出版</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）。全套《世界通史》的翻译和出版过程非常复杂，第一卷多人署名，北京编译社署在第三位；第二卷至第八卷北京编译社是唯一署名译者。但是，清河翻译组显然也参与了翻译工作。黄鸿森说，“笔者在狱中就参加了《世界通史》的翻译，译了第一卷的古埃及史，第二卷的古希腊史。我到北京编译社后就承担起《世界通史》第六卷、第八卷、第九卷的定稿任务”。检索相关信息可知，参与此书翻译的人员至少还有：罗自梅、傅中午、张曼真、林荫成、廖洪林。其中，罗自梅在履历中称自己在北京编译社做过翻译（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">但我们怀疑他是在狱中作为清河翻译组成员从事翻译工作</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">），其他人都是编译社译员。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">有迹象表明，清河翻译组和北京编译社还合作翻译了另外一本书，即戴高乐《战争回忆录》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">第1-3卷，北京编译社译，世界知识出版社，1959-1964年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）。根据我们掌握的信息，参与此书翻译和校订的人至少有：董果良、罗自梅、陈焕章（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">以上为清河翻译组成员</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）；陈少衡、丁钟华、黄邦杰、罗式刚（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">以上为北京编译社成员</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）等。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">我们发现，北京编译社署名的译著总数在100种以上，但商务印书馆出版的署名为“北京编译社译”的著作却尤其之少，只有十来种；在双方业务往来频繁的前提下，这就说明，除了少数集体署名外，许多编译社成员在商务印书馆出版的译著都署了本名或固定笔名。就在这十来种著作中，丘吉尔的《第二次世界大战回忆录》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1974-1975年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、米涅的《法国革命史》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1977年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、戚美尔曼的《伟大的德国农民战争》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1982年</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）还是“文革”后期以及新时期从旧稿“水库”中打捞出来的。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">《伟大的德国农民战争》在商务印书馆1963年编订的《十年规划》中注明“已约北京编译社译”，但直到新时期才由著名德语翻译家李逵六等人校订后出版。李先生在自传中说，“出版说明称这本书最初是由北京编译社翻译的。后来我才知道，这个编译社原来是一些在押的国民党的将军”，一个叫朱汉生的人告诉他，其父朱亚英“在狱中翻译了德国军事家克劳塞维茨的《战争论》和戚美尔曼的《伟大的德国农民战争》”。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">《战争论》在1964-1965年由中国人民解放军总参谋部出版局正式出版，署名为“中国人民解放军军事科学院译”，但其出版“说明”指出，“在本书译校工作中，承中央宣传部、外交部、新华社和北京编译社等单位大力协助”；资深军事翻译家鲍世修在回顾此书的翻译过程时也指出，“这项工作首先得到北京编译社的支持”，此书是“集体智慧的结晶”。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">由于朱亚英曾任胡宗南参谋，身份特殊，无论是商务印书馆内部的“出版规划”、两家出版机构的“出版说明”，还是事后正式的回忆，都不便透露他是在狱中作业的，所以，就都用北京编译社这一公开机构来代指保密的清河翻译组。甚至还有一些后来出版时署名为“北京编译社译”的著作实际上也是由清河翻译组翻译的，《伟大的德国农民战争》肯定不是孤例，但其具体情形如何已经杳然无从查证。北京编译社毕竟是正式在编的公办机构，其成员的署名权一般不会受到影响；相比之下，清河翻译组的成员，身在狱中，绝无可能署自己的本名或专有笔名。在编译社代管、代理翻译组的情况下，有些时候直接用“北京编译社”代署译者名，倒也顺理成章。</span></p><section style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; border-color: #5f0101; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 1; color: #ffffff; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; line-height: 1; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; background-color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">5</span></section></section><span style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.4; font-size: 1em; text-decoration: inherit; color: #5f0101; word-wrap: break-word !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">翻译组的笔名</span></p></span></section><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">清河翻译组到底使用过哪些笔名呢？一开始当然是“清河”，但署名“清河”的译品仅限于1950年代，全部为苏联作品，大多数由时代出版社出版。这个化名后来被弃之不用，又变换出许多其他的笔名。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“‘何宁’也是清河翻译组的常用笔名”，这个署名最早出现在1955年：早期以时代出版社、中国青年出版社为主，几乎都是苏联作品；1958年以后逐渐以商务印书馆为主，并以英语作品居多。署此名的译著包括：汉默顿《西方名著提要》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">《哲学、社会科学部分》、《自然科学部分》、《历史学部分》；参与此书翻译的人包括黄鸿森、罗自梅等</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）；马尔萨斯《价值的尺度》（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">此书出现在了徐式谷的译著目录中，《英汉翻译与双语类辞书编纂论集》，商务印书馆，2013年，第491页）等。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“何青”这个署名最早出现在1957年，署名作品中《笛福文选》《魏克拉马沁格短篇小说集》出现在徐式谷的译著目录中，并且《笛福文选》后来收入商务印书馆“汉译名著”再版时，译者署名改为徐式谷。黄鸿森提到，“我在狱中还参加翻译《简明经济学辞典》”，查此书也是译者署名“何青”。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“何清新”的署名从1958年开始出现，作品数量超过30种，仅次于“清河”；不少作品译自法文，有些品种后来收入“汉译名著”（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">包括葛德文《论财产》，梅叶《遗书》第2卷、《马布利选集》，署名皆未改动</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）。董果良在履历中提到“笔名何清新”，其中列举的译著（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">含合译</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）有此署名的有：摩莱里《自然法典》《马布利选集》《哲学史》第3卷，《巴黎公社会议记录》《圣西门选集》（两卷本旧版署名为“何清新”，扩充为三卷本后恢复了主要译者董果良的署名）。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">“何新”的署名译著也不少，以商务印书馆出版居多。其中，洛克《论降低利息和提高货币价值的后果》《美国历史协会主席演说集（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">1949-1960</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）》，鲁德《法国大革命中的群众》三种出现在徐式谷的译著目录中，并且洛克那本书在收入“汉译名著”时，译者署名改为徐式谷；培根《新大西岛》、马尔萨斯《政治经济学论文五篇》、哈林顿《大洋国》和布克哈特《意大利文艺复兴时期的文化》在重印或收入“汉译名著”时仍然署名“何新”。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">能够从蛛丝马迹中猜测是清河翻译组化名的还有：“何清”“何倩”“何钦”“何易”“何慕李”“何璧人”“何新舜”“何式谷”“何瑞英”“何泽施”“何光来”“何光莱”“何瑞丰”（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">奚瑞森在其履历中称这是其笔名之一，《中国翻译词典》，第757页</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）等。万变不离其宗，译者都姓“何”。甚至可以说，在1950-1960年代商务印书馆出版的译著中，几乎所有署名为何姓的译者中，大概只有何兆武（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">著名翻译家</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、何渝生（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">该馆编辑</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）是本名了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">在林林总总的“何氏家族”之外，清河翻译组使用的另外一个化名也比较有名，那就是“秦水”（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">与“清水”音近，仍然离不开“河”</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）。署此名的译著大多由人民文学出版社和作家出版社出版。人民文学出版社的资深编辑张福生记述，他在一次聚会中向绿原（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">“胡风分子”，1962年从秦城监狱获释后进入人民文学出版社，1980年代曾任副总编辑</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）求教“秦水的笔名是怎么回事，都是哪些人，他们是怎么翻译的”，在座的都明白，“我社有些译稿的译者署名秦水，实际是一些秦城监狱的服刑人员，当然是些懂外语的知识分子。绿原先生说他也不清楚，更没有看见有人在秦城监狱里搞翻译”。由这段记述可知，人民文学出版社的编辑们零星知道一点关于监狱翻译组的往事，但由于事涉机密，即便是绿原这样的老编辑也一无所知。张福生“循名责实”，以为“秦水”与秦城有关，其实不然，“秦水”“清河”都发源于北京市监狱；虽然秦城监狱一度也曾设有翻译组，但那已是绿原出狱之后的事情了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">我们甚至可以大胆地猜测，在“何氏家族”之外，还有一个规模小得多的“秦氏家族”也是清河翻译组的笔名，它们包括：“秦衡允”“秦士醒”“秦士勉”“秦果显”“秦光允”“秦文允”以及“秦柯”。另有“柯新”“柯青”（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">与“河清”形近</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）、“青珂”（</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 12pt; color: #888888; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: Arial;">与“清河”形近</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">）想来也是其化名。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: #3e3e3e; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">以上笔名是目前能够推断或猜想出来的，但我们完全有理由相信，清河翻译组使用过的化名肯定不止这些，只是我们没有必要也不可能进一步追索下去了。 </span></p></div> </div>