<div></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">新德里——周五,世界上人口最多的两个国家的领导人在中国城市武汉举行会晤,印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)将争取从中国国家主席习近平那里得到更少的东西。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">也就是,更少的麻烦,比如去年<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20170807/china-india-border-tensions/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">导致两国进入警戒状态的尴尬的领土争端</a>。以及更少的担忧,比如印度目前在自家门口感受到的中国不断增强的影响力,包括在<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20171213/sri-lanka-china-port/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">斯里兰卡</a>、<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20171218/nepal-election-winners/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">尼泊尔</a>和<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180222/maldives-china-india/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">马尔代夫</a>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">分析人士表示,莫迪将全部的注意力放在赢得明年印度的选举上。现在,他需要习近平帮助缓解中国和印度令人忧虑的紧张关系。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">这次会晤是应印度的要求举行的。两国官员都认为,两国领导人的这次会晤是“重置”两国关系的一个机会。但很显然,莫迪会寻求习近平的保证。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“莫迪现在唯一关心的就是2019年大选,”新德里的政策研究机构“观察家研究基金会”(Observer Research Foundation)的高级研究员马诺杰·乔希(Manoj Joshi)说。“他需要稳定。他不想让任何事情破坏他强硬的形象。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">过去,莫迪曾<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/narendra-modis-talk-of-56-inch-chest-draws-acerbic-response-from-sharad-yadav-548777" title="Link: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/narendra-modis-talk-of-56-inch-chest-draws-acerbic-response-from-sharad-yadav-548777" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">吹嘘自己的胸围有56英寸</a>,这看来是体格强壮的标志。但去年,中国军队进入了不丹和中国边境的争议地区,并开始在那里修路——印度在那附近有驻军——莫迪的强硬形象因此受损。印度对中国军队的行动表示反对,中国威胁称,要“给印度一个教训”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中国的军事实力让印度相形见绌,在印度被视为铁腕人物的莫迪很快面临着一个无法轻松应对的挑战。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">两国之间的一系列外交努力使事态降温。但分析人士表示,莫迪迫切希望避免与强大的邻国再次发生冲突,尤其是现在。尽管他的政党仍是印度最强大的政党,但它最近几周的一些失误<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/failed-as-a-nation-ex-bureaucrats-writes-open-letter-to-pm-modi-after-kathua-unn/311050" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">引发了铺天盖地的批评</a>,包括未能及时对两起引发广泛关注的强奸案做出回应。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/04/27/world/27india-china-2/merlin_125652911_248a15b3-0712-4b7a-83c1-1010dd50bd7c-master1050.jpg" alt="不丹哈阿的印度驻军,这里离与中国的争议边界不远。去年,中国开始在这个区域修路。印度表示反对,中国威胁称,要“给印度一个教训”,导致出现了短暂的领土争端。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/04/27/world/27india-china-2/merlin_125652911_248a15b3-0712-4b7a-83c1-1010dd50bd7c-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">不丹哈阿的印度驻军,这里离与中国的争议边界不远。去年,中国开始在这个区域修路。印度表示反对,中国威胁称,要“给印度一个教训”,导致出现了短暂的领土争端。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">GILLES SABRIÉ FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">政治分析人士、甚至包括印度官员,都将印度和中国的复杂关系描述为“亦友亦敌”(frenemy)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“好莱坞有个词很流行,那就是‘亦友亦敌’,”印度常驻联合国代表赛义德·艾克巴鲁丁(Syed Akbaruddin)前不久<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/world-can-learn-from-frenemies-india-china-akbaruddin/articleshow/63413235.cms" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">在华盛顿发表讲话</a>时说。“我们跟中国的关系就是这样。我们与他们建立联系,也跟他们竞争。在某些领域,我们一起协作;在另一些领域,我们求同存异,继续向前。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">很多国家之间的关系都可以用这个词来形容,但印度和中国的关系似乎尤为棘手。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">它们在20世纪60年代进行了一场短暂而激烈的战争,在对方的后院支持叛乱,因截然不同的意识形态而发生冲突,因贸易赤字而争吵不休。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">去年,中国和印度军队发生了一场真正的争执,<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaMaNpI9MTk" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">在一段视频中</a>,他们在喜马拉雅山脉长期存在争议的边界上发生了一场混乱的斗殴。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">与此同时,印度和中国常常各让一步,以显示它们的关系融洽,<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://thewire.in/diplomacy/heres-why-the-india-china-statement-on-climate-change-is-a-big-deal" title="Link: https://thewire.in/diplomacy/heres-why-the-india-china-statement-on-climate-change-is-a-big-deal" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">在关于气候变化的国际会议上团结一致</a>,经常仅仅为了加深友谊而召开高层会议。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">莫迪和习近平将在武汉会晤两天。双方都声称,这是一场纯粹友好的聚会,没有任何重大协议需要签署,也没有设定什么议程,只是为了改善关系。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但分析人士仍预计,莫迪会提到一些棘手的问题,比如印度不断增长的贸易逆差,敦促中国让印度的企业更容易向中国出口。那将在印度产生良好的效果,因为莫迪承诺要保持就业持续增长。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">分析人士说,莫迪希望本周的互动中,他们能进行一些领袖与领袖的高质量交流<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">,就像2014年他和习近平在印度举行首脑会晤时那样。当时,莫迪带习近平去了他的家乡古吉拉特邦。在那里,两人<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/09/18/photos-xi-and-modi-sat-on-a-swing/" title="Link: https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/09/18/photos-xi-and-modi-sat-on-a-swing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">一起坐在一个秋千上</a>。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但分析人士表示,莫迪需要习近平的程度超过习近平需要莫迪。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“印度无法再与中国竞争,”布鲁塞尔自由大学(Free University of Brussels)教授<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.jonathanholslag.be/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">乔纳森·霍尔斯拉格</a>(Jonathan Holslag)说。“它未能像中国那样通过工业化来增强国力,但又太过自负,无法放弃不结盟策略,真正与美国结盟。结果</span>只能越来越弱。”</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/04/27/world/27india-china-3/merlin_137291058_1ed753f6-3298-4f79-97bd-75119e4d0c75-master1050.jpg" alt="周二,东海中国航母辽宁舰上的战斗机。中国的军事实力令印度相形见绌。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/04/27/world/27india-china-3/merlin_137291058_1ed753f6-3298-4f79-97bd-75119e4d0c75-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">周二,东海中国航母辽宁舰上的战斗机。中国的军事实力令印度相形见绌。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">近年来,印度和美国拉近了距离,可能比以往任何时候都更亲密。两国有着不计其数的商业往来,都坚持推行<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">民主,并同意在核活动方面进行<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-us-nuclear-deal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-landmark-agreement-3596209.html" title="Link: https://www.firstpost.com/india/india-us-nuclear-deal-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-landmark-agreement-3596209.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">合作</a>。特朗普总统曾谈到“自由开放的印太地区”。中国认为这是赤裸裸地试图</span>动员印度协助遏制中国。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“中国知道印度是一个关键的摇摆国,可能是全世界最关键的摇摆州,”新德里<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.cprindia.org/people/brahma-chellaney" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">政策研究中心</a>(Center for Policy Research)的战略研究教授布拉马·切拉尼(Brahma Chellaney)说。“如果印度与美国和其他民主国家结盟,会对中国产生非常大的影响。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但切拉尼说,这一幕未必会发生,因为美国自己并没有强势地站出来对抗中国。这使印度不敢轻举妄动,将自己定位成反中国阵营的一员。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“如果中国发动战略攻击,美国真的会帮我们吗?”他说。“这是很多亚洲国家现在提出的一个问题。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">印度政府的特点——高度分散,有二十多种官方认可的语言和一个喧闹的民主体制——为中国强硬的中央控制所反感。在南亚地区争夺影响力时,莫迪试图利用这一点,强调印度的宽容和多元化传统。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但这一招并不总是奏效,部分是因为钱。中国的钱要多得多,正在向斯里兰卡、尼泊尔、孟加拉国和马尔代夫倾注大量资金。这些传统上依赖印度的南亚国家,现在都被中国吸引。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">至于对印度最直接的竞争对手巴基斯坦,中国特别慷慨,近来承诺在那里投资逾500亿美元进行基础设施建设。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">1980年时,印度和中国的经济规模大致相当。但在随后几十年里,中国迅速工业化,印度却变得更加困难。现在,中国的经济规模比印度大五倍。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">印度的分析人士表示,如果印度采取正确的态度,这可能会成为合作的源头。中国可以输出过剩的商品和产能,印度能够获得基础设施和民众需要的廉价产品。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“但是它们的经济关系受到了政治关系的影响,”观察家研究基金会的研究员乔希说。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">另一方面,印度的很多人往往对中国,尤其是它的军事实力心怀畏惧。</p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">印度议会议员、与莫迪同属一个政党的苏布拉马尼亚安·斯瓦米(Subramanian Swamy)说,印度人“有一种思路是:我们不该和中国人斗。”</span><br /> </div>