<figure style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; clear: both; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img width="1600" height="640" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block;" alt="As paper money disappears, in countries from Sweden to India, some might get left behind" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/660/cpsprodpb/170A6/production/_101647349_p065kmj7.jpg" data-highest-encountered-width="660" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">GETTY IMAGES</span></span></figure><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 28px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><em style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: italic; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">本文选自BBC《财经日报》（Business Daily）节目之"</em><a style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cswgpr">谁需要现金？</a><em style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: italic; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"。该期节目由</em><em style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: italic; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">罗布·</em><em style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: italic; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">扬（Rob Young）主持，布罗德本特（Vicki Broadbent）制作。收听更多《财经日报》节目，请</em><a style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p002vsxs">点击此处</a><em style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: italic; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">。本文由基廷（Sarah Keating）改编。</em></p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>"我认为如果现金完全消失，将会是一个大问题……我担心这个过程太快了……如果你感觉这样的社会不适合你，这就是一个大问题。"</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>琼森（Maijlis Jonsson）今年73岁，住在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩的市中心。她的生活充满活力，和朋友们一起在城中游玩，去咖啡店约会。然而，一件突入其来，并一而再发生的事给了她很大压力。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>多年来，瑞典一直在稳步向完全无现金社会迈进。 现在，商店的所有现金交易中只有不到五分之一使用现金，是五年前的一半。 该国禁止在公共汽车上使用纸币和硬币，许多旅游景点仅接受非现金方式交易。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>法律规定商店可以拒绝接受现金。因此许多商店现在都有标志牌，写着"拒收现金"。对于那些不愿或不能接受这些改变的人来说，生活可能会很艰难。</p><h2>不是每个人都讨厌现金</h2><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>琼森就是这样一个人。她的朋友以数位方式帮她购买了火车票，她必须去银行把钱还给朋友。 "通常转账费用是79克朗，约合9美元，"她说。"这要不少钱……当然人们总是说你可以在互联网上免费完成，但问题是……我们有些人不知道该怎么做。"</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>她试着在咖啡店用现金买咖啡，但收银员拒绝了。她说："他不想收我的现金，所以我只能用信用卡付款。"她还说，总之在斯德哥尔摩越来越难找到自动取款机（ATM）。</p><figure style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; background-color: #111111; clear: both; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img width="976" height="549" style="border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" alt="贬值货币" src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/8133/production/_98057033_p05fx2ps.jpg" data-highest-encountered-width="624" datasrc="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/8133/production/_98057033_p05fx2ps.jpg" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">MATTHEW VICKERY</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">在索马里兰，人们开始用数字化支付手段付款，成堆的本地贬值货币正在迅速从人们的生活中消失（图片来源: Matthew Vickery）</span></figcaption></figure><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>瑞典皇家理工学院（KTH Royal Institute of Technology）的阿维德森（Niklas Arvidsson）教授是瑞典在支付系统方面的顶尖专家，他承认，某些特定人群存在被时代抛弃的危险，比如老年人。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>他说："农村地区的小商户也遇到了问题，那里的电信系统可能无法运行。"</p><ul style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);" href="http://www.bbc.com/ukchina/simp/vert-fut-41428915">现金即将绝迹的奇特国度</a></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);" href="http://www.bbc.com/ukchina/simp/vert_cap/2016/10/161010_vert_cap_the-countries-where-cash-is-on-the-verge-of-extinction">在这些国家，纸币正在濒临消失</a></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><a style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: #dcdcdc; border-left-color: initial; 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margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.3);" href="http://www.bbc.com/ukchina/simp/vert_cap/2016/04/160428_vert_cap_this-is-where-the-real-profit-in-politics-sits">政治嗅觉灵敏可以帮助你发财</a></li></ul><figure style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; background-color: #111111; clear: both; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img width="1024" height="576" style="border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" alt="Some denominations of Indian bank notes were discontinued in 2016 leading to long queues of people waiting to withdraw money (Credit: Getty Images)" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4C12/production/_101647491_cashless_01_getty.jpg" data-highest-encountered-width="624" datasrc="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4C12/production/_101647491_cashless_01_getty.jpg" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">GETTY IMAGES</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">2016年，部分面值的印度钞票停止流通，导致等待取款的人排起了长队。</span></figcaption></figure><h2>现金之死与权力的转移</h2><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>瑞典正在从这一切中受益吗？在阿维德森看来，是的。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>"如果你从宏观经济的角度来看，答案是肯定的，"他说。"总体来说，电子交易速度更快，成本更低，让支付系统更有效率。"</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>他还指出，"一般来说，没有了现金，逃避纳税或小额偷窃的难度加大了。"</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>然而，在这个通向未知领域的改变中，谁掌握着这个权力？支付系统运行的关键掌握在少数私营公司手中，我们要把这一权力交给它们吗？</p><aside style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.334; margin: 18px 0px 24px 16px; padding: 0.0625rem 0px 0.1875rem; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; background-color: #ffffff; float: right; clear: both; width: 197.172px; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px; border-image: none; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; overflow: hidden; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><blockquote style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.0625rem 0px 0.1875rem; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none;">我们最终可能面临这样的情况：一些商业银行拥有大量权力。与之抗衡的是科技公司的崛起，其开发的服务可以与银行竞争。<footer style="border: 0px; color: gray; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0.0625rem 0px 0.1875rem; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">阿维德森教授</footer></blockquote></div></aside><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>阿维德森承认，这是一种冒险。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>"我们最终可能面临这样的情况：一些商业银行拥有大量权力。与之抗衡的是科技公司的崛起，其开发的服务可以与银行竞争，并且有望保持一个竞争激烈的市场，没有寡头垄断利润，不会出现大量权力落在少数人手中。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>瑞典不是唯一一个有意发展无现金未来的国家。</p><h2>印度的残酷措施？</h2><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>印度正寻求摆脱传统的现金交易。但有人说它采取了一种极端的、或许是残酷的措施，迫使人们接受数字交易。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>一年多以前，印度政府宣布一些高面额钞票停止流通。尽管时间短暂，这一举措确实打击了经济和许多贫困人口。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>印度总理莫迪（Narendra Modi）创建了数十个无现金城镇，在那里不鼓励人们使用纸币和硬币。甚至还有一个政府部门专门负责推行这一变革。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>但印度是一个幅员辽阔的国家，估计有2.7亿印度人生活在贫困线以下。即使有可能，无现金的未来真的可取吗?</p><figure style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; background-color: #111111; clear: both; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img width="976" height="549" style="border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" alt="手机" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/134CF/production/_98055097_p05fx2n3.jpg" data-highest-encountered-width="624" datasrc="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/134CF/production/_98055097_p05fx2n3.jpg" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">MATTHEW VICKERY</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">索马里兰，摊贩和顾客之间使用无需网络连接的简单手机程序完成费用支付（图片来源: Matthew Vickery）</span></figcaption></figure><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>总部位于德里的财经报纸《铸币》（Mint）的编辑哈兰（Monika Halan）说，印度政府的动机有多种因素。 她说一方面是为了打击黑市金钱以及恐怖活动资金。 但这也与金融普惠性（financial inclusion，意指金融服务普及社会所有阶层）和经济金融化（financialisation）有关。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>"人们为什么不去银行机构是有原因的，"她解释说。"他们害怕被嘲笑，他们的钞票很脏。他们没有信心能被银行经理友善对待。"</p><aside style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.334; margin: 18px 0px 24px 16px; padding: 0.0625rem 0px 0.1875rem; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; background-color: #ffffff; float: right; clear: both; width: 197.172px; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 8px 0px 0px; border-image: none; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; overflow: hidden; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><blockquote style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.0625rem 0px 0.1875rem; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none;">你需要按照穷人想要的方式为他们提供银行服务——而不是以现有的方式。<footer style="border: 0px; color: gray; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.56; margin: 0px; padding: 0.0625rem 0px 0.1875rem; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">财经报纸《铸币》编辑哈兰</footer></blockquote></div></aside><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>她还指出了另一个问题：农村地区的银行没有足够的员工或资源。"如果你看看人们在贫穷地区甚至是在城市地下經濟部分的储蓄方式，确实存在很多灰色的集资手段，很多人因此损失了金钱。"她认为，人们指望自己的钱能安全保存，所以当然希望把钱存入银行，而不是把现金放在家里。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>"你需要按照穷人想要的方式为他们提供银行服务——而不是以现有的方式。"</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>哈兰还描述了数字银行如何通过廉价手机 为不太富裕的服务商提供了公平的竞争环境。手机价格刚刚下跌，街头小贩、木工和清洁工——他们身上体现了印度蓬勃的企业家精神——就争相购买以增加业务。多亏了手机支付工具，他们现在可以做富人和精英们做的事了。</p><h2>支付和隐私问题</h2><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>当然，随着数字交易的增加，数据安全问题开始出现。 当我们在一个日益虚拟的世界中被强大外在力量推动，身不由己之时 ——支付不再用纸币而是通过云端完成——谁可以获取我们的信息？ 对于哈兰来说，这是一个全球性问题，没有简单的解决方案。</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>她说，"我认为在脸书（Facebook）用户信息泄露事件后，这是全世界目前正在努力应对的问题。政府和监管机构必须迅速采取行动，阻止世界各地甚至印度正在发生的数据泄露事件。"</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>但是她对废除货币流通的政策总体保持乐观。"这就像一个正在建设的虚拟基础设施，如果公路或铁路能使人们做生意更容易并能提高产出，同样的事情也会发生在高科技技术上。"</p><p style=\’border: 0px; color: #404040; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; orphans: 2; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\’>"我坚信，一旦技术精灵从瓶子里放出来，你就无法让它回到瓶中。不是吗？"</p><strong></strong><em></em><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>