<div></div><div> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">韩国首尔——他下令处决自己的姑父，暗杀自己同父异母的兄长。在他的人民遭受严重食物短缺之际，他花费数百万美元开发和试验氢弹以及洲际弹道导弹。他与特朗普总统互相发出核毁灭威胁，称这位美国领导人是<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20170925/trump-north-korea-dotard/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">“精神错乱的美国老糊涂”</a>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">那是他去年的形象。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">最近几个月，朝鲜领导人金正恩(Kim Jong-un)实现了现代外交史上最引人注目的转变。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">曾被批评为凶残独裁者和核狂人的金正恩与韩国总统文在寅(Moon Jae-in)握了手，进行了坦诚的对话。金正恩的转变是在文在寅的鼓励和敦促下实现的。</p><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">金正恩以朝鲜去核化为诱饵，吸引韩国和美国<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/world/asia/trump-north-korea.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/world/asia/trump-north-korea.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">进行谈判</a>。鉴于他打算成为<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/01/world/asia/trump-north-korea-summit-kim.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">首位会见美国在任总统的朝鲜领导人</a>，他在韩国民意调查中的<a href="http://time.com/5262437/kim-jong-un-trust-south-korea-poll/" title="Link: http://time.com/5262437/kim-jong-un-trust-south-korea-poll/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">支持率已飙升</a>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在6月12日与特朗普在新加坡举行具有历史意义的峰会之前，金正恩采取了一系列外交举措，有效地重新定义了自己。一些韩国人现在认为金正恩比特朗普更可靠，尽管韩国与美国已结盟数十年。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">最近，金正恩与文在寅在林中散步、与中国国家主席习近平在海滩上讨论朝鲜核计划的形象令他在韩国民众心目中的地位进一步提升。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">这样的形象与许多韩国人眼中特朗普随意的外交手段形成了鲜明的对比。特朗普<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20180524/trump-cancels-meeting-with-kim/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20180524/trump-cancels-meeting-with-kim/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">突然取消了新加坡峰会</a>，在金正恩授权发表一份给特朗普“时间和机会”改变主意的<a href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180525/north-korea-trump-reconsider/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180525/north-korea-trump-reconsider/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">冷静声明</a>后，特朗普又改变了决定（周三，特朗普的一名<a href="https://twitter.com/MSNBC/status/1004413151511752705" title="Link: https://twitter.com/MSNBC/status/1004413151511752705" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">律师鲁道夫·朱利安尼[Rudolph Giuliani]</a>说，金正恩“跪地乞求”重新安排峰会）。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/07/world/07korea-theatrics-1-print/merlin_137878995_ab4e0a5c-fe99-4b4a-9ead-770c5c103688-master1050.jpg" alt="金正恩和中国国家主席习近平上个月在中国大连。那是金正恩与习近平在两月内第二次会晤。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/07/world/07korea-theatrics-1-print/merlin_137878995_ab4e0a5c-fe99-4b4a-9ead-770c5c103688-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">金正恩和中国国家主席习近平上个月在中国大连。那是金正恩与习近平在两月内第二次会晤。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">KOREAN CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">尽管金正恩的形象有所改变，但他不太可能很快交出核武器，或者放松对自己专制政权的控制。事实证明，他是一位老练的——有人可能会说是狡诈的——战略家，一直在推动朝鲜半岛的事态发展，表现出重新调整的意愿。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“金正恩一旦决定改善与韩国和美国的关系，就知道自己不能再保持专制暴君的形象，”韩国釜山东亚大学(Dong-A University)研究朝鲜“形象政治”的专家姜东浣（Kang Dong-wan，音）说。“他正在海外塑造自己是一个正常国家的领导人的新形象。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在西方，34岁的金正恩经常被讽刺为一个玩核弹的胖小孩。岁数比他大两倍多的特朗普称金正恩“又矮又胖”，是一只“生病的小狗”，一个“小火箭人”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但当特朗普与金正恩会面时，这位美国领导人将要与一位专制政权的统治者打交道，此人擅长政治表演，增强自己在国内的领袖魅力，并推进在国外的议程。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“世界关注他不只是因为他有几个核武器，更多的是因为他是一个神秘政权的领导人，对一个高度统一、刻板、严格的国家有着绝对的控制权，”韩国汉阳大学(Hanyang University)的人类学家郑炳镐（Chung Byung-ho，音）说。他和另一位学者合著了一本书，研究表演艺术在朝鲜政治中的作用。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">不管金正恩的真实个性如何，他都找到了一个推广自己新形象的热情配合者：文在寅。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">自一年前上台以来，文在寅一直在极力劝说特朗普尝试接受这样的观点，那就是，金正恩是一个理性的领导人，愿意为换取合适的激励条件而放弃核武器，比如，与美国关系的正常化，以及美国的安全保证。这似乎奏效了：特朗普最近改变了对这位朝鲜领导人的公开评价，称他“聪明、亲切”、“非常可敬”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">今年，金正恩开始通过向韩国示好重塑自己的形象。在两国处于战争边缘一年后，韩国急于充当朝鲜和美国的<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/world/asia/north-korea-olympics-peace.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">中间人</a>。金正恩在新年致辞中提议在韩国冬奥会期间派遣运动员、啦啦队和政治特使前往韩国。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/06/world/00kim-theatrics-2/00kim-theatrics-2-master1050.jpg" alt="今年4月，金正恩和韩国总统文在寅在非军事区的边境村庄板门店散步。文在寅一直在热情地推广金正恩的新形象。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/06/world/00kim-theatrics-2/00kim-theatrics-2-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">今年4月，金正恩和韩国总统文在寅在非军事区的边境村庄板门店散步。文在寅一直在热情地推广金正恩的新形象。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">PHOTO PHOTO</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">然后，他宣布<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/world/asia/kim-jong-un-hotline-korea.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/world/asia/kim-jong-un-hotline-korea.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">暂停</a>核试验和导弹试验、关闭朝鲜已知的唯一一个核试验基地、释放三名美国囚犯，通过这些举动激起了华盛顿的谈判意愿。他似乎还给自己留了后手：<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180508/kim-jong-un-xi-jinping-china-north-korea/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180508/kim-jong-un-xi-jinping-china-north-korea/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">两次与习近平会面</a>，修复与老盟友的紧张关系。在与华盛顿进行微妙的谈判时，他需要中国的保护。</p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">朝鲜之前那些浮夸的言辞、虚张声势的表演、阅兵和大规模集会无不进一步巩固了朝鲜被国际社会遗弃的形象，此时的外交示好与那些做法截然不同。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">金正恩的形象重塑经过巧妙的安排，并且得到了文在寅政府的帮助。文在寅政府确保4月27日两国<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180427/north-korea-south-kim-jong-un/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180427/north-korea-south-kim-jong-un/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">领导人会晤</a>的每一个细节都浸透了双方珍视的重大象征意义：尊重、民族团结和最终的朝韩统一。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">为了在两国边境上的“停战村”板门店村举行的会晤，文在寅政府重新装修了举行会谈的建筑，并摆放了多幅画作。画上的名山名水让两国民众想起了他们在二战结束时，朝鲜半岛被外国势力一分为二之前共有的遗产。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“我们让每一件家具和每一幅画都讲述了一个故事，”文在寅的发言人高敏正（Koh Min-jeong，音）说。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">会谈休息期间，金正恩和文在寅在板门店的树林里散步，多部摄像机向全世界直播了这个场景。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但没有什么比金正恩到达两国边境并见到文在寅的那一刻更能软化他的形象。在金正恩的建议下，文在寅跨过边境进入朝鲜，停留了10秒钟。然后，金正恩和文在寅手挽着手回到举行会谈的韩国。这一幕令电视机前的韩国观众惊呆了。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“这个动作超越了政治语言，”人类学家郑炳浩说。“这个戏剧化的动作传达出了信任的信号，是仅靠语言无法传递的。”</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/06/world/00kim-theatrics-4/00kim-theatrics-4-master1050.jpg" alt="上个月，韩国首尔的金正恩漫画。最近的民意调查显示，越来越多的韩国人认为金正恩是可靠的。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/06/world/00kim-theatrics-4/00kim-theatrics-4-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">上个月，韩国首尔的金正恩漫画。最近的民意调查显示，越来越多的韩国人认为金正恩是可靠的。</span><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">AHN YOUNG-JOON/ASSOCIATED PRESS</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">这次会谈主要是对两国之前从未执行的旧协议稍加改动，只达成了一个含糊其辞的无核化及和平承诺。但这些画面让这次活动取得了成功，为两国关系升温提供了动力，并重新定义了金正恩在很多韩国人眼中的形象。</p></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">第二天早上，韩国一家报纸在<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/842549.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">头版和最后一页</a>上刊登了文在寅与金正恩手挽手跨过边境的照片。韩国研究中心(Korea Research Center)的一项调查显示，会谈结束后，77%的韩国人认为金正恩“值得信任”。在那之前，他被认为是该地区最危险的领导人。 </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“金委员长在韩国民众中的受欢迎程度迅速上升，人们的期望也是如此，”两人上月在板门店<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/26/world/asia/korea-kim-jong-un-summit-meeting.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/26/world/asia/korea-kim-jong-un-summit-meeting.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">第二次会面</a>时，文在寅对金正恩说。他说，那次会面尤其强化了金正恩在韩国年轻人中的形象。他们在两国过去十年的紧张关系中形成了自己对朝鲜的看法，越来越怀疑与朝鲜和解的可能性，更别说统一了。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">据韩国官员称，金正恩回答说，“听到你这么说太高兴了。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">批评人士发出了希望破灭的警告，并重申了他们的观点，即金正恩永远不会彻底放弃核武器，因为它们对他的政权的生存，以及他作为朝鲜领导人的合法性至关重要。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“持怀疑态度是对的，”曾任韩国国家情报院(National Intelligence Service)副院长的政治学专家罗钟一(Ra Jong-yil)说。“一个国家的领导人怎么可能变得这么快？在朝鲜问题上，我们往往只会看到自己想看到的东西。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">一些人预计，在与特朗普会面时，金正恩极有可能会为了削弱制裁的理由而承诺朝鲜的彻底无核化，但坚持“分阶段”的无核化。他们说，金正恩可能担心，鉴于华盛顿的政局令人捉摸不透，他与特朗普达成的任何协议都可能无法存活。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"> 金正恩“欺骗了全世界”，韩国军方退休心理战官员，曾任对朝宣传专家的沈仁习（ Shim Jin-sup，音）说。</p> </div></div>