《剧本和策划》—— 中国强迫电视认罪的幕后

<p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height:120%"><br /></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2018</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">6</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">月</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">7</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">日</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">&#8211; </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">随着<strong>保护卫士(</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Safeguard Defenders</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">)</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">揭露中国使用秘密监禁的书籍&#8212;&#8212;《失踪人民共和国》发布后广受好评,现时保护卫士再发布迄今<strong>第一份</strong>研究中国实施强迫电视认罪的开创性长篇中文报告。该报告是对四月发布的英文报告的中文翻译版。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">通过对中国使用强迫电视认罪的受害者进行广泛的采访,以及受害者本人的书面证词,该报告为大众打开通往强迫电视认罪幕后的大门。在该中文版报告中,读者将读到中国亲历者更有力量的<strong>亲笔中文讲述和证词</strong>(英文版为翻译版)&#8212;&#8212;他们被录制视频的经过,遭到的威胁和酷刑,他们的挣扎和心情起伏,认罪所带来的后果等。该报告揭露了为使人们上电视&#8220;认罪&#8221;,当局所使用的酷刑和威胁</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">&#8212;&#8212;它往往在案件进入任何庭审之前,且几乎总是在被正式逮捕之前。报告中揭示了这些电视认罪是如何被制作的&#8212;&#8212;从警察扮演导演,写下问题脚本给记者提问,到强迫嫌疑人按照规定的答案回答。它揭示了这些电视认罪被广播之前的剪辑和后期制作。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">该报告揭露了在&#8220;政治性质&#8221;的案件,比如律师、记者和</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">NGO</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">员工,和非政治性质的嫌疑人,比如杀人犯和毒品交易者之间存在着明显的差别,不仅是体现在电视认罪广播本身,也体现在它们的制作</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">过程。它也揭示了在那些涉及外国人的电视认罪中,或是有明确的外国目标听众的情况下,中国媒体的国际分支(尤其是</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">CCTV</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">)如何不仅仅作为被动的平台,同时也作为与中国警方制作、剪辑和播出这些电视认罪的踊跃合作者&#8212;&#8212;这些电视认罪往往是应对批评中国的直接外交政策行动。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">通过该报告的发布,中国媒体是中国警方、中共和国家制作针对国内听众和作为外交政策宣传的踊跃合作者的事实变得明确。该报告呼吁将中国媒体注册为外国代理人,并针对中国国家媒体中负有责任的个人申请制裁。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">自四月英文报告发布,迅速获得各国媒体&#8212;&#8212;从纽约时报到朝日新闻,从冰岛到澳大利亚的广泛报道,从社交平台</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">twitter</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">上也收获了大量的转发和传播。由于四月仅发布英文版报告,因此在并未专注于中文媒体深度报道的情况下,仍然收到大量来自机构以及网上期待阅读完整版中文报告的声音。因此,保护卫士通过对四月份发布的英文报告进行翻译,现作为全球第一份全面分析中国强迫电视认罪的长篇中文报告发布。遗憾的是,当四月英文报告发出几周后,中国再出一起涉及二位加拿大籍华人的电视认罪案例,因此这起最新的案例并未被包括在此报告的研究中。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%">&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height:120%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">— END —</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: 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style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">那些未被列在此联系人表内的人,由于安全的考量,他们决定不接受媒体的采访,因此他们的联系信息也未在此提供。实际上他们的证词以及</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">/</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">或采访已经将他们置于被报复的风险中,因为类似的事件在张凯身上发生过,当时他只是简单反驳之前被强迫录制的&#8220;电视认罪&#8221;,但他因此再次被警方拘留。</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height: 120%"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">请在与他们用电话联系时注意一下对方的时区。</span></p> <p 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Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">文件格式。报告中插图为以下:</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:120%">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Confessors collage (by <em>Safeguard Defenders</em>)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">封面插图</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> (</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span> <em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Meltan</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">林荣基在香港的一个新闻发布会上说话,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2016</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">6</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">月,图片经过效果编辑</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">(</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span> <em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Hong Kong Free Press</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">彼得</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;">・达林上电视外形素描插图</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> (</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> </span><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Alexey Garmash</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">彼得</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;">・达林录制现场素描插图</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">(</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span> <em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Alexey Garmash</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">彼得</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;">・汉弗莱上电视外形素描插图</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> (</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> </span><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Alexey Garmash</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">彼得</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;;MS Mincho&quot;">・汉弗莱录制现场素描插图</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> (</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> </span><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Alexey Garmash</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">所有</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">45</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">例电视认罪屏幕截图,包括描述和链接的</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">PDF</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">文档</span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">王宇第一次在关押地点录制视频</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> (</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span> <em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Meltan</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">王宇被戴着黑头套押走录制第二次认罪</span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">(</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span> <em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Meltan</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:120%;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: Wingdings;">&#167;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%; font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">温在酒店套房的视频录制</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif"> (</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">来源</span> <em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 120%;font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Meltan</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">)</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">自</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2013</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">7</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">月,中国政府对被拘留者实施强迫认罪的行径才开始受到世界的关注。当时第一例高知名度的认罪正在被广播中:梁宏,英国制药巨头葛兰素史克公司中国区的高级负责人,出现在中国国家广播电视</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">CCTV</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">上,为他的贪污行为认罪。此举不仅违反了中国法律中公平审判的权利,也违反了国际上多个人权保护法。从此以后,一个接一个的强迫认罪高调地被播出,<strong><span style="color:#15197E">包括多个外国国籍持有者</span></strong>,他们的认罪视频都在中国的官方电视台播出,有些案件则由香港的媒体播出。</span></p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">《剧本和策划:中国强迫电视认罪的幕后》分析了自</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2013</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年至</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2018</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年间被播出的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">45</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">例电视认罪,采访了十几位遭到中国警方强迫录制或试图录制电视认罪的人,他们包括认罪受害者、其家属和其律师。这些认罪视频是在被审判之前录制的,而且甚至往往在被正式逮捕之前。该报告将展示中国的电视认罪通常是被迫,甚至通过威胁、酷刑、和制造恐惧气氛所获取的;警察往往支配和操纵供词;以及在个别案件中显示出有力的证据,证明这些认罪被用作对国内民众的宣传工具,甚至作为中国外交政策的一部分。</span></p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">在此项研究中的每一位受访者都表示审讯人员曾强迫他们认罪。不过,认罪视频将在电视上播出的事实却遭到了隐瞒。在隐瞒中最糟糕的一个案例是,英国调查员彼得</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,sans-serif;color:#333333; background:white">&#183;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">汉弗莱(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">Peter Humphrey</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">)当时只同意了会见报纸记者,但是接着他就被喂服药物并锁在一个笼子里,等待被录制认罪视频。警方往往通过威胁(针对被拘留者或他们的家人)和身体或精神酷刑,制造出恐惧气氛,以逼迫当事人认罪。在此报告中所分析的曾出现在电视认罪中的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">37</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">个案例中,其中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">5</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">位公开地收回了他们的认罪,许多其他人则以匿名方式对《剧本和策划》的研究员表示收回他们的认罪。</span></p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">受访者描述了警察如何事无巨细的掌控强迫认罪的过程,他们会安排被拘留者的&#8220;着装&#8221;;写下认罪&#8220;脚本&#8221;并强迫被拘留者背下来;指导如何&#8220;表达</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;">&#8221;他们的台词&#8212;&#8212;包括在一个案例中,被拘留者被要求流泪哽咽;在对结果不满意时,他们会要求一遍又一遍的</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">重录。一位受访者表示,他花了七个小时录制,就为了几分钟的播出。</span> </p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">警方对导演电视认罪所做的努力也能从此报告研究的</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">45</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">例案例中看出,它分为两种&#8220;类型&#8221;:第一种,在看守所的设施下进行录制,另一种,则是在</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2015</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年后变得更加普遍,穿着便服在看起来不太有威胁的环境下录制。在这些案例中,对这些认罪视频进行播出的媒体也踊跃地参与了视频的制作,从使用警方提供的提问脚本,隐瞒认罪策划的真相,到通过对警察和评论人员的采访,描绘出嫌疑人有罪的形象,制作出手法老练的新闻播出。而且通常这些被拘留者并未被判有罪。</span> </p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">如果有人对这些认罪是为制造宣传持怀疑态度,他们只需要阅读知名的人权律师王宇为本报告提供的证词,她的证词内容详尽,篇幅颇长。当时她因被捏造的罪名消失了十个月,在四月她刚做完乳腺手术的几周后,王宇被强迫录制一个认罪视频,以此保护她的小儿子。由于在关押中的严酷待遇,她的记忆功能受到了严重的影响,以致她无法记住警方要求她在视频中要说的话。在持续几周每次几小时的多次重录后,他们采取将她要说的内容放在电脑上的办法,用很大的字体,就像提词机一样。但是最终的视频还是不够好,那个认罪视频从没被播出过。接着,王宇一直被关押到八月。</span></p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">这些认罪的播出时间和内容也表明了它们通常被用作宣传的目的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">&#8212;&#8212;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">国内宣传和<strong>国外</strong>宣传都有。有的认罪播出是与大抓捕的时间吻合,比如</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2013</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年的新法律是为了阻止&#8220;谣言&#8221;在网上传播;</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2014</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年夏天的运动则是针对毒品的使用,以及</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">2015</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">年</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">7</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">月发起的,针对人权律师和活动人士的臭名昭著的</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif">709</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;">大抓捕。其他的认罪则是在遭到来自中国大陆以外针对受害者的拘留进行批评后不久播出。这些认罪视频的措辞为直接的反驳,比如认罪人否认被酷刑或遭到中国当局的绑架。此类认罪通常被用在外籍人士身上。其它宣传的痕迹包括认罪人为中国共产党、包括公安等党机关和他们的行为感到骄傲或为它辩护。还有一类为谴责和归罪那些被关押中或最近被判刑的同事或朋友。许多的这些认罪都发生在人权捍卫者、独立记者、维吾尔族人和那些被视为共产党的敌人或批评者的人身上。</span></p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;">中国的电视认罪让人联想到历史上的暴力和有辱人格的政治迫害事件。它们被比作斯大林的摆样子公审、中国文革的公开斗争大会,以及几年前才被取缔的做法</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;">&#8212;&#8212;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;">将嫌疑人带到公众面前进行羞辱游行。电视认罪这种侵犯权利的行径,在今天,只有像朝鲜和伊朗这样的政权才会执行。他们剥夺了嫌疑人的应有的法律程序;侵犯了公正审判的权利,无罪推定,保持沉默的权利,不得自证的权利和受到保护免受逼供和酷刑的权利。这些都是基本人权,主要是国际习惯法的部分,无论条约批准如何,这些国际习惯法对所有国家都具有约束力。而在中国,它本身表面上已经有了明确的规定,在刑事诉讼法中,列明了公平审判的权利、不得自证其罪的权利、并纳入了针对酷刑和强迫认罪的法律保护。所有的受访人都表示他们没有给予机会与律师会见商讨他们认罪的事。在这份报告的认罪分析中,有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif;">18</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;">例为当事人被关押于<strong><span style="color:#15197E">指定居所监视居住</span></strong>(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif;">RSDL</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;">)时发生,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;,serif;">RSDL</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;">为一种在多数情况下实际构成强迫失踪的关押行式,嫌疑人在此被隔离关押,且得不到任何程序保障,比如会见律师或检查院监督。</span></p> <p style="text-justify:inter-ideograph; text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:140%"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">中国对强迫电视认罪的使用值得得到</span><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;color:#15197E;">全球迫切的关注</span></strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;color:#15197E;">。<strong>这种做法构成了不仅限于中国境内的侵权行为:受害者中也有外国人;来自中国大陆以外的私营媒体也被增选到录制和广播这些电视认罪的行列;而北京在对它的党媒和官媒进行全球化的积极性推动</strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; color:#15197E;">&#8212;&#8212;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;color:#15197E;">包括在那些禁止在国内使用的社交平台上。&#8220;讲述中国的故事&#8221;意味着这些对人权的侵犯行为最终会装扮成&#8220;新闻&#8221;的形式,流向世界各国的屏幕上</span></strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;Avenir LT Std 45 Book&quot;;">。媒体组织在强迫认罪的剧本和策划过程中与警察合作并播出这些供词,无论他们是中国国家媒体还是私人媒体,都犯有和中国政府这种有欺骗性的,非法的侵犯人权行为一样的罪行。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>