中国东盟再次商谈南中国海问题 马哈蒂尔方案引关注

<div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jun/624201824-4.jpg" alt="" width="650" height="365" /></div><div><em><span style="color: #666666; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">马来西亚新总理马哈蒂尔2018年6月11日在东京参加&#8220;亚洲未来&#8221;国际会议</span></em></div><div><em>&nbsp;</em></div><div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">东盟国家与中国第15次高官会议将于6月27日在长沙举行。中国外交部发言人耿爽日前在例行记者会上表示,中方将与东盟国家就落实《南海各方行为宣言》、推进海上务实合作、以及磋商《南海行为准则》等有关问题深入交换意见。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">进入2018年以来,南中国海的局势看似逐渐恶化。美国增加了在这一区域自由航行的频率,中国则加快了在人工岛礁上部署导弹等常规武器的进程。东盟国家密切关注着南中国海紧张局势的升级,日前,马来西亚新任总理马哈蒂尔(Mahathir Mohamad)向媒体谈到对于南中国海问题的建议,他的言论被认为在东盟国家领导人中颇具代表性。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">军舰威胁</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">马哈蒂尔在接受《南华早报》独家专访时表示,军舰在这一区域的频繁出现,是对和平的最大威胁。他说:&#8220;我认为,(南中国海)不应该有太多的军舰。哪一天哪个人犯下错误,双方就会发生交火,失去一些舰船,随即就导致一场战争。我们不希望那样。&#8221;</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">这是92岁的马哈蒂尔再次当选马来西亚总理之后,首次对南中国海问题表达自己的立场。他在竞选时曾经表示,一旦当选,将重启有关南中国海问题的谈判。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">马来西亚是南中国海主权的声索国之一,宣称对这一地区的至少5座岛礁拥有主权。不过,马来西亚对外一直坚持&#8220;事实占有、实际控制&#8221;的策略,运用外交、法律、安全和经济等措施,保证其对南中国海领土的主张,一方面对这些岛礁进行了商业开发,另一方面又能维持与中国之间的关系。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">马哈蒂尔在采访时表示:&#8220;我们已经开发了其中的一些岛屿,我们希望我们继续留在岛上,这是我们为防止海盗或其他人入侵、保障海洋安全政策的一部分。我们当然想保住这些岛屿,其它的(那些岛礁),谁认为是他们的,谁就占着吧。&#8221;他说:&#8220;但是,如果中国说整个南中国海都是他们的,那就是另外一回事了。长久以来,这些岛就被认为是我们的,所以我们想要保住它。&#8221;</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">小船巡航</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">马哈蒂尔并没有明确指出他所说的那些军舰的所属国,有分析人士认为,这些军舰应该既包括中国派到南中国海进行军事演习的舰艇,也包括美国自由航行的舰队。虽然马哈蒂尔试图在这一问题上表现出中立立场,但他的表态与中国方面的说法有些契合。中国一直坚持是域外国家军舰在南中国海地区&#8220;制造事端&#8221;,迫使中国在&#8220;自己领海部署防御性武器&#8221;。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">马哈蒂尔表示,确保南中国海地区和平的一个办法就是&#8220;用小艇来巡航这一水域&#8221;,而这些小船只需配备&#8220;对付海盗的装备&#8221;就足够了,而&#8220;不是去用来打一场战争&#8221;。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">当被问及谁来参与这种巡航时,马哈蒂尔说,东盟10国是自然的选择,因为&#8220;这一海域被东盟国家所环绕&#8221;。他还说:&#8220;当然,如果中国想参加到这种小船巡航中来,我们也欢迎。任何国家,甚至美国,如果想来参加,(也应该受到欢迎),只是不要派军舰来。&#8221;</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">自由航行</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">当被问及中国是否会保障南中国海的航行通畅时,马哈蒂尔表示:&#8220;保证航行通畅对中国是有利的,因为那能够带来更多的贸易。不可能让所有进入马六甲海峡、到达中国的船只都换成中国自己的船只。&#8221;</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">马哈蒂尔还用了马六甲海峡做例子,说:&#8220;尽管马六甲海峡在马来西亚和印度尼西亚之间,但我们从来没想过把它改名为&#8216;马来西亚印尼海&#8217;。我们希望它是开放的,因为对贸易有好处。对进行贸易的国家来说,开放的南中国海也是有利的。&#8221;</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">对东盟影响</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">在上届总理纳吉布执政期间,马来西亚官方很少公开对南中国海问题发表看法,马中之间就相关问题所进行的一些会谈大多是闭门举行。一些观察人士认为,纳吉布在南中国海问题上立场比较软弱,但这种看法被一位马来西亚外交部的官员否认。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">一位未透露姓名的官员在接受《海峡时报》(Strait Times)采访时表示:&#8220;我们大多数的政策都是自上世纪90年代以来一直延续下来的,而当时制订政策的还是马哈蒂尔总理。&#8221;该官员证实,自己曾亲眼目睹纳吉布在马中双边会议上,就南中国海的争议问题,直接表达马来西亚的担忧,且从未对马来西亚主权做出过妥协和让步。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">不过,这位官员表示,时代不一样了。他说;&#8220;南中国海的局势已经变了。90年代的时候,中国还没有那么强势。大约10年前,中国开始变得更大胆了。&#8221;</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">新加坡尤索夫伊萨克东南亚研究所的高级研究员斯多瑞(Ian Storey)表示:&#8220;马哈蒂尔的言论表明,他坚持维护马来西亚在南中国海的领土及管辖权的决心。虽然他的观点并不一定代表马来西亚政策的转变,但是,我们可以预期,马哈蒂尔会比他的前任对中国在南中国海的强硬行为提出更多的批评。&#8221;</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">斯多瑞认为,马哈蒂尔可能会利用他&#8220;老一代政治家&#8221;的身份,影响东盟国家形成一种更为强大的统一力量,促使中国加快就《南海行为准则》所进行的谈判。</span><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, &quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">然而,就目前来看,东盟内部并不团结。除了越南较为强硬之外,菲律宾、缅甸、柬埔寨、老挝等国家与中国越走越近,而新加坡、印尼、则至少在公开言论中保持中立。马哈蒂尔这次的表态,并没有显示出马来西亚对于域内其它声索国的声援,甚至没有站在美国军方自由航行的立场。即将到来的东盟国家与中国高官会议能否就《南海行为准则》的制订达成某种共识,目前不得而知。</span><br />&nbsp;</div>