特朗普有关朝鲜无核化的断言符合事实吗?

<div></div><div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">韩国首尔&#8212;&#8212;特朗普总统上周四表示,朝鲜已经开始去核,他是在继续宣扬两周前与朝鲜领导人金正恩举行的峰会的结果。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">金正恩在6月12日的新加坡峰会上同意&#8220;努力实现朝鲜半岛的全面无核化&#8221;。但两国领导人签署的联合声明<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/12/world/asia/north-korea-summit.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">缺乏细节</a>,没有关于朝鲜逐步废除其核项目的时间表、以及在什么条件下才会废除,甚至没有&#8220;去核化&#8221;的具体含义。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">从那以后,特朗普一直在对新加坡峰会取得的结果做出大胆的断言,他声称&#8220;<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/13/us/politics/trump-north-korea-nuclear-threat-.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">朝鲜不再构成核威胁</a>&#8221;,核危机现在&#8220;<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-press-gaggle/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">基本上已经解决</a>&#8221;。这些声称引来了人们指责他误导公众的说法。(比如,朝鲜现在拥有的核武器数量与峰会前拥有的一样多。)</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">下面是特朗普在<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-cabinet-meeting-9/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">周四的一次内阁会议</a>上的一些声称,以及他的说法与事实的比较:</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&#8220;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">他们已经停止了导弹发射,包括弹道导弹发射。&#8221;</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">符合事实。</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">去年11月,朝鲜<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20171129/north-korea-missile-test/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">发射了一枚洲际弹道导弹</a>,官员们说,那枚导弹有足以飞到美国本土的强大能力,那是朝鲜去年进行的一系列导弹试验中的最后一次。(朝鲜还在去年9月<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20170903/north-korea-tremor-possible-6th-nuclear-test/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20170903/north-korea-tremor-possible-6th-nuclear-test/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">测试了一枚核武器</a>。)自那时起,朝鲜就一直没有发射过任何导弹。朝鲜暂停核试验和导弹试验的做法,为金正恩在4月底与韩国总统文在寅的会晤、以及金正恩与特朗普的会谈铺平了道路。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">朝鲜在今年4月表示,<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/20/world/asia/kim-jong-un-hotline-korea.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">不再需要测试核武器或洲际弹道导弹</a>,因为朝鲜已经完成了核威慑力量的建设。但一些西方分析人士不相信朝鲜真正掌握了运送弹头所需的全部技术,比如在弹头重返地球大气层时不被烧毁、从而能打击太平洋彼岸目标的技术。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&#8220;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">他们正在捣毁他们的发动机场地。他们正在将其炸掉。&#8221;</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">为时尚早。</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">峰会后,特朗普在新加坡对记者说,朝鲜已承诺拆除一个用于测试导弹发动机的设施。朝鲜方面尚未证实金正恩做出了这种承诺,也没有宣布任何捣毁此类设施的计划。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">特朗普没有说明他指的是哪个场地。分析人士一直关注的是位于朝鲜西北部东昌里的西海卫星发射场的一个设施。去年3月,朝鲜在那里<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/18/world/asia/north-korea-test-missile-engine.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">成功地测试了一台新的高推力发动机</a>。分析人士说,这台发动机后来被用于为朝鲜的洲际弹道导弹提供动力。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">从6月12日峰会当天拍摄的卫星图像来看,没有迹象显示朝鲜正在为拆除东昌里的发动机试验台做准备,研究朝鲜导弹计划的专家小约瑟夫&#183;S&#183;贝穆德斯(Joseph S. Bermudez Jr.)在北纬38度(38 North)网站上发布的一份<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.38north.org/2018/06/sohae062118/?mc_cid=589c76b45f&amp;mc_eid=dc6454af67" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">分析报告</a>中说。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">捣毁一个发动机测试基地并不一定意味着朝鲜在放弃其洲际弹道导弹项目。但那在华盛顿及其盟友就落实峰会协议与朝鲜进行谈判的时候,会被视为建立信任的一步。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&#8220;虽然朝鲜也有其他的垂直发动机测试台,但西海的这个最先进,西海测试台的摧毁将会是朝鲜迈出的具有象征意义的、切实的一步,&#8221;贝穆德斯写道。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&#8220;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">他们已经炸毁了他们大型试验场地中的一个。实际上,他们炸毁了四个大型试验</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">地。&#8221;</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">有所夸张。</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">没有证据表明,朝鲜炸毁了&#8220;四个大型试验场地&#8221;,无论是用于核试验的还是与导弹有关的。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">但今年5月,在国际新闻媒体到场的情况下,朝鲜在其进行了迄今为止所有六次核试验的地方<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180525/north-korea-shuts-nuclear-test-site/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">引爆了炸药</a>,并称拆除了那里的核设施。爆炸摧毁了位于朝鲜东北部丰溪里的三个隧道,丰溪里是朝鲜唯一被外界所知的核试验基地。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">但是,没有来自联合国或任何其他独立机构的专家到场,以对该基地是否已被彻底摧毁进行核实,或对如果朝鲜决定恢复核试验,该基地是否能被修复进行核实。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">本月初,有报道称,朝鲜<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20180608/north-korea-missile-test-site/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">拆除了</a>一个用于测试固体燃料弹道导弹发射技术的发射台。但是,没有迹象表明朝鲜已摧毁了任何其他的核试验或导弹试验设施。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&#8220;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">这将是一个全面的去核化,这一进程已经开始了。&#8221;</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">值得怀疑。</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">如果上面描述的步骤被认为是无核化进程的一部分的话,可以说进程已经开始&#8212;&#8212;不过,所有这些步骤都发生在新加坡峰会之前。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">但是,许多分析人士说,不能说朝鲜已经开始了去核化进程,除非朝鲜开始了销毁自己核武器的实际行动,而这还没有发生。朝鲜也没有开始销毁自己的可裂变材料或用于生产这些材料的离心机和核反应堆等设施。朝鲜也没有说,什么时候、或是否会拆除其称之为能够运载核弹头的导弹。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">美国国防部长吉姆&#183;马蒂斯(Jim Mattis)周三对记者说,就他而言,他还没有看到朝鲜在实现无核化上采取了任何步骤。&#8220;我对此一无所知,&#8221;他说。&#8220;显然,我们仍正处在这个过程的最前期。具体的谈判尚未开始。&#8221;</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">&#8220;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">他们已经把我们在朝鲜战争中死去的伟大英雄的遗骸送回来、或正在送回的过程中。&#8221;</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">为时尚早。</span></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">朝鲜战争期间丧生的220多名美国士兵的遗骸。从那以后,就再也没有过把美国战争死者的遗骸从朝鲜运回美国的事情。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">金正恩在新加坡峰会上承诺,将在这方面采取更多的行动,他承诺朝鲜将把在主要战场上找到的<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/us/korean-war-mia-trump.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">更多的美国人遗骸运回国</a>,&#8220;包括把已经得到的已确认的遗骸马上运回美国。&#8221;考虑到这一承诺几乎不需要朝鲜付出任何代价,朝鲜本可能很快会把更多士兵的遗骸还给美国,但截至周五,朝鲜还没有这么做。</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin: 0px 0px 1.75rem; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">有约5300名据信是在朝鲜丧生的美国士兵仍下落不明。即使朝鲜完全与美国合作,找到其中的大部分可能需要数年的时间。把这些遗骸收集起来以后,仍需进行细心的法医工作才能确定它们的身份。过去曾发生过从朝鲜运回美国的一些士兵遗骸与不明身份者的、甚至与动物的骨头混杂在一起的情况。</div></div>&nbsp;</div>