<div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 466px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">斯里兰卡汉班托塔 — 每当斯里兰卡的总统马欣达·拉贾帕克萨(Mahinda Rajapaksa)转向他的中国盟友，用一个宏大的港口项目寻求贷款和援助的时候，总能得到肯定的答复。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">好的，尽管可行性研究表明该港口无法运作。好的，尽管印度等其他常见的贷款国都已表示拒绝。好的，尽管斯里兰卡的债务在拉贾帕克萨的领导下正在迅速膨胀。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在多年的建设并与北京最大国有企业之一中国港湾工程公司重新协商后，汉班托塔港口开发项目的失败是意料之中。这是世界上最为繁忙的货运通道之一，沿途有成千上万船只驶过，但是在2012年，该港口只吸引了34艘船只。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">然后，它就成了中国的港口。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">2015年，拉贾帕克萨败选下台，但斯里兰卡的新政府却难以偿还他所揽下的债务。背负着严峻压力与中国进行了数月谈判的政府于12月交出了港口以及港口周围15000英亩的土地，租期99年。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff; max-width: 1200px;"><div data-id="100000005975559" data-slug="2018-06-25-china-ports-hans-copy" style="margin: 1.5rem auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 0; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1200px; overflow: hidden; max-width: 1200px;"><iframe src="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/admin/100000005975559.embedded.html?" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" width="100%" height="814" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; min-width: 100%;"></iframe></div></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 120px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">这次转让使中国得以控制距其对手印度的海岸仅几百英里的一片区域，以及重要的商业及军事航道沿线战略立足点。本次事件是中国利用贷款和援助增加国际影响力最为生动形象的案例之一——也是中国愿施展强硬手段收款的例证。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 90px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">本次债务协议还加剧了对习近平标志性“一带一路”倡议最为刺耳的指责：全球投资和借贷项目实际上相当于是为全世界的弱小国家设下的债务陷阱，助长了各个陷入困境的民主国家的腐败和专制行为。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/chinaw-srilanka-2sub-copy/merlin_139161717_67693f7f-443f-4b23-94fb-3203ae73605b-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/chinaw-srilanka-2sub-copy/merlin_139161717_67693f7f-443f-4b23-94fb-3203ae73605b-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" srcset="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/chinaw-srilanka-2sub-copy/merlin_139161717_67693f7f-443f-4b23-94fb-3203ae73605b-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp 600w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/chinaw-srilanka-2sub-copy/merlin_139161717_67693f7f-443f-4b23-94fb-3203ae73605b-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp 1024w,https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/chinaw-srilanka-2sub-copy/merlin_139161717_67693f7f-443f-4b23-94fb-3203ae73605b-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp 2048w" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/chinaw-srilanka-2sub-copy/merlin_139161717_67693f7f-443f-4b23-94fb-3203ae73605b-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">6月，斯里兰卡前总统马欣达·拉贾帕克萨(Mahinda Rajapaksa)在婚礼上处理政务。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 665px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">数月以来，对斯里兰卡、印度、中国以及西方官员的采访以及对港口项目文件和协议的分析都无情地表明，中国以及其控制的公司在渴求资金的小国中如何确保了自己的利益。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">• 在斯里兰卡2015年选举期间，中国港口建设的大笔资金直接流向了拉贾帕克萨的竞选助手和竞选活动，拉贾帕克萨对中国提出的条件一概接受，在中国削弱印度在南亚影响力的行动中，他被视为一个重要盟友。政府的调查核验了文件及现金支票记录，纽约时报查看了这些款项。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">• 尽管中国的官员和分析人士坚称，中国在汉班托塔港的利益纯属商业性质，但斯里兰卡官员表示，港口选址的情报和战略潜力从一开始就是谈判的一部分。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">• 随着斯里兰卡官员要求重新商讨时间并增加资金，起初对港口项目温和的借贷条款变得越来越繁重。而在斯里兰卡近年来迫切希望从账面上清除债务的同时，中国没有接受条款上的放宽，而是将要求集中在了港口资产的移交上。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">• 尽管该交易清除了港口项目大约10亿美元的债务，但由于其他贷款仍在继续且利率大大高于其他国际贷款机构，斯里兰卡目前对中国的负债达历史最高，</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">拉贾帕克萨及其助手在数月内均未回应为本文置评的多番请求。中国港湾公司的官员也不愿评论。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: #e2e2e2; border-image: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 149px; max-width: 149px;"><h2>EDITORS’ PICKS</h2><article style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/business/what-is-yield-curve-recession-prediction.html?fallback=0&recId=16c0lvcUm1LtBXpDPm0A5N2zoeb&geoContinent=NA&geoRegion=CA&recAlloc=geo_trending&geoCountry=US&blockId=signature-journalism-vi&action=click&module=editorContent&pgtype=Article&region=CompanionColumn&contentCollection=Trending" style="margin: 0px; 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height: auto; max-width: 100%;" alt="" /></div><h3>‘A Powerful Signal of Recessions’ Has Wall Street’s Attention</h3></a></article><article style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/magazine/jonathan-franzen-is-fine-with-all-of-it.html?fallback=0&recId=16c0lvcUm1LtBXpDPm0A5N2zoeb&geoContinent=NA&geoRegion=CA&recAlloc=geo_trending&geoCountry=US&blockId=signature-journalism-vi&action=click&module=editorContent&pgtype=Article&region=CompanionColumn&contentCollection=Trending" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; color: black; height: auto;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 3px; 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font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/world/africa/mckinsey-south-africa-eskom.html?fallback=0&recId=16c0lvcUm1LtBXpDPm0A5N2zoeb&geoContinent=NA&geoRegion=CA&recAlloc=geo_trending&geoCountry=US&blockId=signature-journalism-vi&action=click&module=editorContent&pgtype=Article&region=CompanionColumn&contentCollection=Trending" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; color: black; height: auto;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 3px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 149px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/27/world/00mckinsey1/00mckinsey1-threeByTwoSmallAt2X-v2.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/27/world/00mckinsey1/00mckinsey1-threeByTwoSmallAt2X-v2.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%;" alt="" /></div><h3>How McKinsey Lost Its Way in South Africa</h3></a></article></div></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 387px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">斯里兰卡财政部的预计描绘了一个惨淡图景：今年，政府预计将有148亿美元的收入，但政府应按期偿还全世界各个贷款方的债务达123亿美元。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“约翰·亚当斯有句名言，征服一个国家，要么用利剑，要么用债务。中国选择了后者，”新德里智库政策研究中心(Center for Policy Research)成员、常为印度政府提供建议的分析人士布拉马·切拉尼(Brahma Chellaney)说。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">印度官员尤其担心的是，斯里兰卡会因处境过于艰难，使中国政府有可能凭借减免债务换取汉班托塔港之类的军用资产——尽管最终的租赁协议禁止他们在没有斯里兰卡邀请的情况下在此进行军事活动。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“投资汉班托塔只能是出于国家安全考虑，这是唯一合理解释——就是说他们会在那里驻扎解放军，”曾担任印度外交部长，并在汉班托塔港建设期间担任国家安全顾问的希夫山卡·梅农(Shivshankar Menon)说。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-17-copy/merlin_138500721_1854cc85-4f01-4e1a-82d0-8b0fd15fb94f-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-17-copy/merlin_138500721_1854cc85-4f01-4e1a-82d0-8b0fd15fb94f-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-17-copy/merlin_138500721_1854cc85-4f01-4e1a-82d0-8b0fd15fb94f-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">汉班托塔港只获得了斯里兰卡港业务的一小部分，它与首都的主要建筑相比显得黯然失色。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 0px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-16-copy/merlin_138500610_67115147-6bcd-464e-a2c2-82e11bba0928-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-16-copy/merlin_138500610_67115147-6bcd-464e-a2c2-82e11bba0928-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-16-copy/merlin_138500610_67115147-6bcd-464e-a2c2-82e11bba0928-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">斯里兰卡工人正从汉班托塔港的一艘船上卸下汽车。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 392px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><h2>一个深度参与的盟友</h2><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">中国与斯里兰卡一直以来维持着友好的关系，在中国发生革命后，斯里兰卡是最早承认毛泽东共产党政府的国家之一。但是在一次较为近期的冲突——斯里兰卡与泰米尔分离份子长达26年的残酷内战中，中国才变得不可或缺。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">2005年当选总统的拉贾帕克萨，是那场内战最后几年的领导者，当时因为侵犯人权的指控，斯里兰卡越来越遭到孤立。在他任内，斯里兰卡严重依赖于中国的经济支持、军事设备及在联合国的政治庇护，来阻止可能的制裁。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">那场战争在2009年<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/20/world/asia/20lanka.html" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #326891;">结束</a>，并且随着该国走出混乱，拉贾帕克萨和他的家人巩固了他们的地位。在其任内的巅峰时期，这位总统及其三名兄弟控制了多个政府部门，以及政府总支出的80%左右。像中国这样的政府会直接与他们谈判。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 1150px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">因此，当这位总统开始呼吁在汉班托塔建设一个新的大型港口开发项目时，期间遇到的几个障碍最终不过螳臂挡车。汉班托塔是这位总统的故乡，是一个缺乏活力的地方。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">从一开始，官员们就对建设第二个主要港口是否明智提出过质疑，这个国家只有英国面积的四分之一，人口仅有2200万，当时位于首都的主要港口发展繁荣，仍有拓展的空间。由政府委托的可行性研究明确得出结论，称在汉班托塔建设港口在经济上是不可行的。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“他们一开始为这个港口联系过我们，印度企业都拒绝了，”前印度外交秘书梅农说。“当时那个项目在经济上一无是处，如今也是。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">但拉贾帕克萨为这个项目亮起了绿灯，然后在一篇新闻稿中夸耀道他无视了所有的<a href="http://portcom.slpa.lk/news_events_220.asp" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #326891;">告诫</a>——并且表示中国也将参与其中。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">2007年，斯里兰卡港务局(Sri Lanka Ports Authority)开始制定官员们认为经济上合理的谨慎计划，据一名曾经参与过该项目的官员说。它要求在2010年开放有限的业务，并且要求在任何重大扩张前，要先实现盈利。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">该项目的第一大笔贷款来自于中国政府的进出口银行，数额为3.07亿美元。但据一份美国大使馆当时的电报显示，为了获得这笔贷款，斯里兰卡被要求接受北京青睐的中国港湾工程有限责任公司作为港口承建方。这份电报后来泄露给了维基解密(WikiLeaks)。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">这是中国对其在全世界各地项目的一个典型要求，而不是允许一个公开的投标过程。据该地区的官员们说，北京在这里借出数以十亿计的美元，然后要回报以高价雇佣中国公司及数以千计的中国工人。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">这笔贷款还有其他附加条件，表明中国从一开始就看到了汉班托塔港的战略价值。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">前斯里兰卡外交秘书、驻华大使尼哈尔·罗德里戈(Nihal Rodrigo)表示，当时与中国官员的讨论中说得很明白，共享情报是该交易的一部分——如果不是公开的话。在接受时报的采访中，罗德里戈将中国方面的说法描述为，“我们希望你能让我们知道都有谁来、在这里停留过。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">后几年里，中国官员及中国港湾不遗余力地保持与拉贾帕克萨强有力的关系，后者多年来一直对上述条件予以默许。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在斯里兰卡2015年大选的最后几个月里，中国的大使打破了外交常规，对选民进行游说，甚至包括科伦坡最好的高尔夫球场里的球童，让他们支持拉贾帕克萨而不是其对手。后者威胁要撕毁与中国政府的经济协议。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 417px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">随着1月大选日益临近，大笔款项开始流向总统的圈子。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">根据时报看到的一项仍在进行中的政府内部调查，至少有760万美元从中国港湾的渣打银行帐户汇往拉贾帕克萨竞选活动的分支机构。该文件列出了中国港湾的具体银行账号——其所有权已经得到验证——并且详细列出了通过询问支票上的收款者所收集的情报。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在民意调查开始前10天，大约370万美元被以支票形式发放了出去：67.8万美元用于印制活动T恤和其他宣传材料；29.7万美元用于购买赠给支持者的礼物，包括女装纱丽。另外还有一笔3.8万美元的款项被支付给一位受人爱戴、支持拉贾帕克萨竞选的佛教僧侣，另有两笔价值共170万美元的支票由志愿者送到拉贾帕克萨的官邸树寺(Temple Trees)。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">大部分款项来自中国港湾控股的子账户，名为“HPDP第二期”(HPDP Phase 2)，这是汉班托塔港口开发项目的简称。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-5-copy/merlin_138500961_680c1754-de19-45e8-b484-c67a9b43252c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-5-copy/merlin_138500961_680c1754-de19-45e8-b484-c67a9b43252c-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-5-copy/merlin_138500961_680c1754-de19-45e8-b484-c67a9b43252c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">延伸至汉班托塔港的高速路。中国分析师并没有放弃该港口能够营利的观点。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 828px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><h2><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">中国的人脉网络</span></h2><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“一带一路”倡议在全球范围内进行了近五年手忙脚乱的扩张之后，中国官员正在悄悄评估多少交易已经完成，以及中国可能面临什么样的金融风险。中国一位经济政策制定者说，目前还没有一个全面的估计，他同许多其他中国官员一样，只有在匿名的情况下才会谈论中国的政策。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">一些中国官员担心，围绕此类项目展开的近乎制度性的贿赂活动对中国是一个拖累，并提高了盈利的门槛。习主席去年在一次讲话中承认了这种担忧：“我们也要加强国际反腐合作，让‘一带一路’成为廉洁之路。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">例如，在孟加拉国，政府官员在一月份的采访中表示，由于被指控将10万美元塞入一盒茶叶中，试图贿赂路政部门的一名官员，政府将不再允许与中国港湾签约。由于在菲律宾的腐败行为，中国港湾的母公司中国交通建设集团公司曾在2009年被禁止参与世界银行项目竞标八年。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">自从获得斯里兰卡港口以来，中国官员开始暗示“一带一路”并非对三大洲融资发展的无限政府承诺。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“如果不能很好地管理这种风险，‘一带一路’项目不可能走得很远或者很好，”大型国有投资基金丝路基金会主席金琦在3月底举行的中国发展高层论坛上表示。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在斯里兰卡，港口官员和中国分析人士没有放弃汉班托塔港可以盈利的观点，或者认为它至少加强了中国在该地区的贸易能力。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">中国招商局港口公司驻斯里兰卡代表和汉班托塔港业务负责人任锐坚称，“斯里兰卡的位置对于国际贸易来说非常理想。”他驳斥了可行性研究的负面说法，称这些研究是在很多年前完成的，当时汉班托塔还是“一个小渔村”。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 308px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">中国现代国际关系研究院南亚研究所所长胡仕胜说，中国显然认识到汉班托塔港的战略价值。但他还说：“一旦我们想发挥它这种地缘战略价值的时候，也就意味着斯里兰卡战略价值的消失。那你说大国在斯里兰卡竞争，斯里兰卡这个小国他受得了吗？受不了，反而就没了。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">虽然汉班托塔港在2010年才首次以有限的形式开放，但在“一带一路”倡议宣布之前，中国政府已经迅速将该项目纳入其全球计划。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在汉班托塔港移交仪式后不久，中国国有新闻通讯社用其Twitter账号发布了一个自夸的视频，称这桩交易是“#BeltandRoad（一带一路）上的又一个里程碑”。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/23/world/00chinaw-srilanka-18-copy/merlin_139390080_c76002a3-64c3-406c-a0a3-9a79844cac61-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/23/world/00chinaw-srilanka-18-copy/merlin_139390080_c76002a3-64c3-406c-a0a3-9a79844cac61-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/23/world/00chinaw-srilanka-18-copy/merlin_139390080_c76002a3-64c3-406c-a0a3-9a79844cac61-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">汉班托塔的马欣达·拉贾帕克萨国际板球体育场。该体育场的座位比该地区主要城镇的人口数还多。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-6-copy/merlin_138500682_87d23e7a-7f99-4ee1-be90-20dfb1f8fd20-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-6-copy/merlin_138500682_87d23e7a-7f99-4ee1-be90-20dfb1f8fd20-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-6-copy/merlin_138500682_87d23e7a-7f99-4ee1-be90-20dfb1f8fd20-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">朝圣的僧侣们正在访问位于该国主要机场东南150英里处的马欣达·拉贾帕克萨国际机场，这座机场大多时候是空空荡荡的。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 659px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><h2><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">不通往任何地方的港口</span></h2><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">汉班托塔地区人口稀少，位于很大面积依然覆盖着丛林的斯里兰卡的东南沿海地区，这座海港并不是唯一一个由中国贷款兴建的大型项目。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">一座能容纳的人数比汉班托塔地区首府人口还多的板球场勾勒出城市的天际线，还有一座大型国际机场——六月份，杜拜航空(FlyDubai)结束了飞往这里的航线，那是这座机场仅存的一个民航每日航班。一条贯穿该地区的高速公路上有大象穿行，农民在路上翻晒刚收割的稻米。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">关于该港口在开放后可能如何扩张，以确保在承担更多债务之前获得一些收入，拉贾帕克萨的顾问已制定了一个有条不紊的计划。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">但在2009年，总统变得不耐烦了。为了纪念他翌年的65岁生日，他希望汉班托塔港口届时隆重开张——并且开始一项雄心勃勃的扩张，比港务局最初制定的时间表足足早了10年。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">官员们称，中国工人开始夜以继日地建设港口。但当工人们疏浚土地，然后将其淹没，以形成内港时，他们没有考虑到有一块巨石部分堵住了港口的入口，导致油轮等大型船只无法进入，而大型船只是该港口的商业基础。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">港口当局官员不想忤逆总统的意愿，继续迅速向前推进。2010年11月18日，在拉贾帕克萨生日那天，汉班托塔港口举行了盛大的开放仪式。然后它开始坐等生意到来，而巨石还挡在那里。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 289px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">一年后，中国港湾工程公司以4000万美元的价格炸掉了那块巨石，这个天价引起了斯里兰卡外交官员和政府官员的质疑。一些人公开质疑是该公司收费过高，还是这个价格包含给拉贾帕克萨的回扣。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">到了2012年，该港口还在努力吸引船只，而那些船只更愿意停泊在附近的科伦坡港。随着汉班托塔港开始提前扩张，建造成本也在不断上升。当年晚些时候，政府颁布法令，要求驶往科伦坡港的运送进口汽车的船只必须在汉班托塔港卸货，以启动那里的业务。尽管如此，财政部的一份年度报告显示，2012年，只有34艘船停泊在汉班托塔港，而在科伦坡港停泊的船多达3667艘。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/00chinaw-srilanka-7-copy/merlin_138500958_a3a1b419-b960-4280-8658-974fd6cae950-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/00chinaw-srilanka-7-copy/merlin_138500958_a3a1b419-b960-4280-8658-974fd6cae950-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/25/world/00chinaw-srilanka-7-copy/merlin_138500958_a3a1b419-b960-4280-8658-974fd6cae950-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">在汉班托塔附近的一个区域中的鱼摊，此区域将变成一个大型工业区。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-12-copy/merlin_138500739_465da4c7-7205-490a-a578-9a5627f1606a-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-12-copy/merlin_138500739_465da4c7-7205-490a-a578-9a5627f1606a-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-12-copy/merlin_138500739_465da4c7-7205-490a-a578-9a5627f1606a-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">人们在将要建造工业区的地方收割水稻。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 654px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“我开始在政府任职时，向国家规划部长致电，问她修建汉班托塔港的原因，”国家政策和经济事务部长哈沙·德席尔瓦(Harsha de Silva)在接受采访时表示，“她说，‘上面要求我们建，我们就建了。’”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">拉贾帕克萨决心继续扩建港口，于是在2012年再次向中国政府索要7.57亿美元的贷款。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">中国再次同意了。但这一次，条件要复杂得多。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">第一笔贷款为3.07亿美元，最初采取的是浮动利率，在2008年全球金融危机爆发后，利率通常在1%或2%以上（相比之下，日本对基础设施项目的类似贷款的利率低于0.5%）。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">但为了获得新的资金，最初的贷款被重新协商到了更高的6.3%的固定利率。拉贾帕克萨默许了。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在该港口陷入困境时依然不断上升的债务和项目成本让斯里兰卡的政治反对派抓到了一个大把柄，在竞选活动中大肆宣传对中国的怀疑。拉贾帕克萨在选举中失败。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">总统迈特里帕拉·西里塞纳(Maithripala Sirisena)领导的新一届政府上台后下令审查斯里兰卡的金融交易。该国还面临着巨额债务：在拉贾帕克萨的领导下，该国的债务增加了三倍，在他离任时达到了448亿美元。仅2015年一年，就有46.8亿美元的贷款到期。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-19-copy/merlin_138500865_63e6293b-548c-4b4a-84e6-89ecd48b90d0-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-19-copy/merlin_138500865_63e6293b-548c-4b4a-84e6-89ecd48b90d0-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/22/world/00chinaw-srilanka-19-copy/merlin_138500865_63e6293b-548c-4b4a-84e6-89ecd48b90d0-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">斯里兰卡的科伦坡港。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 689px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><h2><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">签约放弃</span></h2><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">新政府急于让斯里兰卡重新靠拢印度、日本和西方。但官员们很快意识到，没有其他国家能够填补中国在斯里兰卡已经占据的金融或经济空间。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“我们接手了一个明显在衰退的经济——收入不足以支付利息费用，更不必说归还本金了，”在新政府上任的第一年担任财政部长的拉维·卡鲁纳纳亚克(Ravi Karunanayake)说。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“我们确实还在贷款，”他还表示，“新政府无法立刻停止贷款。这是一场接力。在引入经济纪律前，你只有接受它们。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">去年，斯里兰卡央行估计该国欠中国约30亿美元。但韦里特研究组织(Verite Research)的经济学家尼尚·德梅尔(Nishan de Mel)表示，一些债务没有计入政府账簿，而是作为个人项目的一部分登记的。他估计欠中国的债务可能高达50亿美元，而且每年都在增长。5月份，斯里兰卡从中国国家开发银行获得了10亿美元的新贷款，以帮助它偿还即将到期的债务。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">2016年，斯里兰卡政府官员开始与中国政府官员会面，希望达成一项协议，将该港口从该国的资产负债表中剥离出来，并避免完全违约。不过，斯里兰卡官员称，中方开出的条件是由一家中国公司获得该港口的主要股权，中国不会考虑勾销债务。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">根据最终协议，最后斯里兰卡可以选择的是由中国港湾工程公司还是中国招商局港口公司控制该港口。时报获得了这份始终没有公布的协议的副本。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/10/world/00china-srilanka14sub-copy/merlin_139155834_f31d671c-b1f6-4fdf-b262-9992cd590eab-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/10/world/00china-srilanka14sub-copy/merlin_139155834_f31d671c-b1f6-4fdf-b262-9992cd590eab-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/10/world/00china-srilanka14sub-copy/merlin_139155834_f31d671c-b1f6-4fdf-b262-9992cd590eab-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">中国员工在科伦坡的员工宿舍里。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 308px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">两名了解谈判情况的官员表示，招商局港口公司得到了这份合同，它立即提出了更多要求：公司高层要求在港口周围获得1.5万英亩的土地，修建一个工业区。这家中国公司辩称，这个港口本身并不值该公司为购买它的股权支付的11亿美元——这笔钱将用来偿还斯里兰卡在该港口上的债务。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">据参与谈判的官员们称，一些政府官员强烈反对这些条款，但他们没有回旋余地。新协议于2017年7月签署，并于当年12月生效。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">交易表面上留给了斯里兰卡一部分所有权：成立了一家合资公司，管理该港口的运营和收入，它的所有权85%归招商局港口公司，15%由斯里兰卡政府控制。</p></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1583px; height: 1rem; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 1329px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">但专门从事港口收购的律师们表示，鉴于招商局港口公司拥有对董事会成员和经营的决策权，斯里兰卡持有的股份没什么意义。政府对该港口的土地没有主权。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">最初谈判时没有确定中国军方是否可以使用该港口及其周边的土地。印度官员曾要求斯里兰卡政府明确禁止中国军方使用。最终协议禁止外国将该港口用作军事目的，除非获得科伦坡政府的许可。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">该条款之所以存在，是因为中国海军潜艇已经可以在斯里兰卡停靠。</p><h2><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">战略担忧</span></h2><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">中国在斯里兰卡的主要港口也有股份：中国港湾负责在那里修建一个新码头，当时叫科伦坡港口城(Colombo Port City)。随那项协议一同到来的是大约50英亩（约合20公顷）土地。那片土地由这家中国公司单独所有，斯里兰卡对其没有主权。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在2014年拉贾帕克萨的任期即将结束时，这一点被以戏剧性的方式体现了出来。在日本首相安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)访问科伦坡(Colombo)的同一天，中国多艘<a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/sri-lanka-china-submarine/chinese-submarine-docks-in-sri-lanka-despite-indian-concerns-idINKBN0IM0LU20141102" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #326891;">潜艇</a>停靠在该港口。在整个地区，此事都被视为北京发出的一个威胁信号。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">在新一届斯里兰卡新政府上台时，它寻求该港口永远不再欢迎中国潜艇的保证。中国潜艇尤其令人担忧，因为它们难以发现并且常常被用于情报收集。但斯里兰卡官方几乎没有真正的控制权。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">现在，将汉班托塔移交给中国一事促使外界担心它可能会被用于军事用途——尤其是中国现在不顾早前的承诺，继续对南海附近的岛屿进行<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/08/world/asia/south-china-seas-photos.html" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #326891;">军事化</a>。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">斯里兰卡官方迅速指出，协议明确排除了中国将其用于军事用途的可能性。但另一些人也指出，仍欠中国一大笔钱的斯里兰卡政府可能会迫于压力而允许中国这么做。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">并且正如负责全国政策和经济事务的德席尔瓦所说，“政府可以变。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">现在，中国在斯里兰卡首选的合作伙伴拉贾帕克萨一直想要在政治上东山再起。德席尔瓦和另一些人正在密切关注事态发展。这位前总统的新反对党在2月的市政选举中大获全胜。总统选举将于明年举行，大选将在2020年举行。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">尽管因为任期限制，拉贾帕克萨被禁止再次参选，但他的弟弟、前国防部长戈塔巴亚·拉贾帕克萨(Gotabaya Rajapaksa)似乎正在为接过他的衣钵做准备。</p><p style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;">“此事将由马欣达·拉贾帕克萨来决定。如果他说是兄弟中的一人，此人会有非常强烈的主张，”拉贾帕克萨当政时期的央行行长阿吉塔·尼瓦尔·卡布拉尔(Ajith Nivard Cabraal)说。他现在仍是该家族的顾问。“即使因为宪法的规定不再是总统，马欣达仍将是主要的权力基础。”</p></div></div><figure aria-label="media" role="group" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-8-copy/merlin_138500481_066b0017-4cd1-4cb8-bbc7-21c406e7145e-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" style="margin: 43px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Image</span><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 720px; background-color: #f7f7f5;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-8-copy/merlin_138500481_066b0017-4cd1-4cb8-bbc7-21c406e7145e-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale" sizes="((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/08/world/00chinaw-srilanka-8-copy/merlin_138500481_066b0017-4cd1-4cb8-bbc7-21c406e7145e-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&auto=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;" alt="" /></div></div></div><figcaption itemprop="caption description" style="margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #666666;"><span style="margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.8175rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline;">科伦坡港城开发区。</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.64rem; line-height: 1rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><span style="margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px); overflow: hidden;">Credit</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Adam Dean for The New York Times</span></span></figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0px auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; height: 0px; width: 1200px; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px calc((100% – 630px) / 2); padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"></div><aside style="margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;"></aside></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-size: 19px; line-height: inherit; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; vertical-align: baseline; color: #333333; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="margin: 1rem auto 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: italic; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, "times new roman", times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"></div><div style="margin: 2rem auto 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.86rem; line-height: 1.1625rem; font-family: nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Keith Bradsher和黄瑞黎(Sui-Lee Wee)自北京、Mujib Mashal和Dharisha Bastians自斯里兰卡对本文有报道贡献。</p></div><div role="toolbar" aria-label="Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count" data-testid="share-tools" style="margin: 1.5rem auto 2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 17px; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-franklin; vertical-align: baseline; color: #999999; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; 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