<p style="padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; background-color: #ffffff;">澳大利亚学者的一份研究报告指出,中国的社会信用体系不仅仅给自己的公民“打分”,从而控制其言行,其影响力还渗透到国界线以外,波及外国企业和机构。近来多家航空公司迫于压力更改网页上关于台湾的名称,就是其中一例。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/44468159/44467772" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/44467772_303.jpg" title="Screenshot der Website aspi.org.au (aspi.org.au)" alt="Screenshot der Website aspi.org.au (aspi.org.au)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">澳大利亚战略政策研究所官方网页上发表的报告截图</p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">(德国之声中文网)中国的社会信用体系已经被西方媒体所诟病,被讽刺为乔治·奥威尔小说《1984》中的情节在现实中上演。而根据本周发布的一项澳大利亚研究报告,这种"老大哥正在监视你"的控制体系之影响力正在向中国国界之外渗透扩散。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; font-size: 17px;"><br />然而澳大利亚战略政策研究所的中国问题研究专家霍夫曼(Samantha Hoffman)发表的报告指出,中国建立在"大数据"基础上的社会信用体系,并不止于中国的国境边界线。她在文章中指出,国际上对于这一系统可能影响到外国企业、海外华人社区的程度并没有充分的认识。她认为该体系甚至"有直接干涉别国主权的潜在危险"。</span>社会信用体系是一个复杂庞大的体系,其主旨在于根据金融信用、社交媒体表现等行为标准给公民打分。这个正在酝酿之中的系统预计可能在2020年开始执行,届时这一所谓的信用评分,将关系到公民就业、薪酬等重要领域,甚至连订购机票、酒店等都可能受到影响。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">霍夫曼认为,在台湾的"名分"问题上诸多国际企业的遭遇就是一个例证。最近一段时间,北京要求多家航空公司更改其网页上关于台湾的地区标示,反对航空公司把台湾单列为一个国家。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">凡是在网页上把台湾、香港或澳门列为"国家"的航空公司,都被指控违反了中国从今年开始试行的《民航行业信用管理办法》。该管理条例也是为实现社会信用体系建设这个整体目标而服务的。中国民航局在2017年发布这一管理办法的时候就表示,要设立全国统一的民航行业信用信息记录,全面记录相关组织和个人的基本信息和违法失信信息。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/44468159/44285185" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="700" height="394" src="https://www.dw.com/image/44285185_401.jpg" title="日本航空公司网页上已经把台湾改成了“中国台湾”" alt="Screenshot Japan Airlines (jal.co.jp)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">日本航空公司网页上已经把台湾改成了“中国台湾”</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">澳大利亚学者霍夫曼的研究指出,中国民航局的这一信用系统和标准普尔或者穆迪这类国际信用评级机构所作的评级截然不同,后者主要关注金融信用,而前者则旨在保障国际安全。在涉及台湾地位问题的这些案例中,中国当局利用这一民航行业信用体系,来强迫国际航空公司承认和接受中共所主导的"事实版本",压制对台湾地位的任何其它不同认定。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">该研究报告还指出,除了民航领域之外,中国还利用其庞大的信用体系来对所有在华开展业务的国际企业加以控制。从2018年1月1日起,所有在华持有营业执照的外国公司都被纳入了中国社会信用体系,它们被派发了一个18位数字的"统一社会信用代码"。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">在中国颇受欢迎的日本"无印良品"公司不久前就成为这一体系的"牺牲品"。今年4月,上海市工商局对无印良品(上海)商业有限公司处以20万元的罚款,原因是其没有妥善进货查验义务,销售错误标注"原产国"为台湾的商品。尽管相关公司已经对相关产品进行了下架,对包装进行了更换,但是这一次违规纪录已经被写入"国家企业信用信息公示系统"。</p><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><div style="width: 720px; float: left;"><div data-id="43896729" data-title="港澳台怎么叫 十大德企是否“合规”?" data-date="20180523" data-firstcategory="19990022" data-secondcategory="19990032" style="float: left; width: 700px; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 30px; background-color: #000000; position: static !important;"><ul style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; list-style: none inside; overflow: hidden; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 591.42px;"><li style="background-image: url("../cssi/list-blip.png"); background-position: 1px 10px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; min-height: 544px; display: block; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 11;"><div style="float: left; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 394px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: #111111; clear: both; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 10; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/38392234_303.jpg" title="United Airlines 787 und United Airlines 767 Passagierflugzeug (Reuters/L. Nastro)" alt="United Airlines 787 und United Airlines 767 Passagierflugzeug (Reuters/L. Nastro)" style="width: 700px;" /></div><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 11; width: 700px; margin: 0px; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; min-height: 150px;"><div></div><h4>港澳台怎么叫 十大德企是否“合规”?</h4><h2>中国官方的要求</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #bbbbbb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: auto;">根据美国《华盛顿邮报》曝光的中国民航局发给美联航(United Airlines)的信件,中国官方要求相关企业网站在“国别”或“国别(家)/地区”选项中,不应将台湾或台湾地区与中国并列,不得出现“中国、香港、台湾”并列。台湾应称“中国台湾”或“中国台湾地区”。网站中的中国地图须包含台湾,港澳台与中国应用同样的颜色标识。</p></div></li></ul><br /><div style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; height: 40px;"><div style="position: relative; z-index: 100; left: 6px; bottom: 0px; width: 678.991px; overflow: hidden;"><div style="float: right;"><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; 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float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") -160px -80px no-repeat;"></a><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif; display: block; float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") -200px -80px no-repeat;"></a></div><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif; display: block; float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") 0px -80px no-repeat;"></a><span style="width: 535px; display: block; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p0" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">1</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p1" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">2</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p2" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">3</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p3" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">4</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p4" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">5</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p5" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">6</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p6" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">7</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p7" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">8</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p8" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">9</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p9" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">10</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%BE%B3%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BC%81/a-44468159?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p10" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">11</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; background-color: #ffffff; clear: both; height: 0px; font-size: 1px; line-height: 0;"></div><h4><br /></h4>