年少不懂李鸿章，如今方知真中堂 – 纵览中国-China In Perspective

<h2> </h2><div id="js_content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #333333; font-size: 18px; word-wrap: break-word; position: relative; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: #ffffff;"><p data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHBtBYv2cxPNibOibndqFxSV34M3zywIMRMx7Mg86Q3BYic2ygxuPibT6thw/?" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1.4770642201834863" data-w="545" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHBtBYv2cxPNibOibndqFxSV34M3zywIMRMx7Mg86Q3BYic2ygxuPibT6thw/?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /> 文/牛皮明明 1896年，巴黎万国运动会。开幕仪式上，各国国旗伴着国歌依次升起。 轮到中国时，却只有黄龙旗在一片寂静之中缓缓升起，自始至终，没有音乐声，没有掌声，没有国歌。 过了一阵子，在场的所有人开始大笑。他们嘲笑偌大的中国，竟然连首国歌都没有。 在一片嘲笑声中，年过七旬的老人拄着拐杖站起来，迈着步子走到黄龙旗下。他挺直腰板，神态毅然，满怀深情唱着家乡小调《茉莉花》。 这个老人就是大清权臣李鸿章。历史书里，他是丧权辱国的罪人，是卖国求荣的权臣。 梁启超却说：“吾敬李鸿章之才，吾惜李鸿章之识，吾悲李鸿章之遇。” 今天，我们不读李鸿章，不知爱国为何物，更不会知道，在历史洪荒中，一个渺小的人负重奋力前行时需要多大的勇气。 01 1840年， 22岁的李鸿章站在皇榜下，他伸长脖子，渴望能从榜单上找到他的名字。可把榜单从头看到尾，也没有看到“李鸿章”三个字。 陪他一起来看榜的父亲摇着头：“走吧，跟我去见一个人。” 父亲带李鸿章见的人，是当时在京城声名日隆的曾国藩。 从此，李鸿章拜曾国藩为师，跟着他学习经世致用之学。 三年之后，李鸿章信心满满走进考场。 这一次，他一举考中进士，他被钦点进翰林院学习。 这一年，李鸿章25岁，成了大清三十年内会试考场上最年轻的得中者。 从此之后，李鸿章仕途一路扶摇。从咸丰三年的正七品编修到咸丰八年的三品按察使衔候补道，不到五年的时间，官升七级。 官场多风波，随处起波澜。做官太顺利，李鸿章处处遭到排挤，再想往上走一步，已经是寸步难行。 1858年，35岁的李鸿章做了个艰难的决定：辞去官职，到老师曾国藩门下当幕僚！ 当官就如同行路，一步步走不难，难的是应对进退，难的是在路途段穷之际，朝天一跃，另起一段。 李鸿章深知继续走下去，只有死路一条！不如换条道路，重新出发！ <img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHSFvaxWRMbzcoqPadjHPj8MUMxqDLVq6wBztPLEhNeojoib3bhSSfQkw/?" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1.5175" data-w="400" data-backw="400" data-backh="607" _width="100%" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHSFvaxWRMbzcoqPadjHPj8MUMxqDLVq6wBztPLEhNeojoib3bhSSfQkw/?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /> 02 在曾府当幕僚，李鸿章跟曾国藩学习，学他如何带兵打仗，学他如何处理政务。这三年，李鸿章进步飞快。 曾国藩有个习惯，和幕僚吃饭时，喜欢围坐着谈论，讲学问经济，也讲为人处世。 每次陪曾国藩吃一顿饭，李鸿章都受益匪浅，他说：“和老师吃一顿饭，胜过上一回课。” 1861年，太平天国调集重兵猛扑上海。上海陷入重兵包围，岌岌可危。 曾国藩派李鸿章前去镇守。李鸿章率领淮军到达上海，先给军队撂下一句话： “第一仗如果打不好，我们马上滚出上海！” 当时淮军9000人，太平军10万人，李鸿章不硬拼，只打巧仗。 他让人虚扎了好几个营盘，旌旗招展。太平军看到营盘就用火炮轰毁，几回下来，太平军的弹药就已经消耗大半。 为鼓舞战士，李鸿章亲自督战。他拿把大刀，神情严肃地站在队伍最前面：“一会儿谁敢后退，我就先把谁砍了！” 淮军听到这话，个个拼命前冲。到达上海的第一仗，李鸿章赢得干净漂亮！ 收到捷报的那一刻，曾国藩连夜上折，保举李鸿章接任江苏巡抚。 曾国藩可能自己都没有想到，他在把江苏交给李鸿章的同时，也把大清国的后几十年，都交给了他。 <img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvH15aqbXApOx8Rmz1Dd713AbqmbaLeeoxvSHLtqCjrK0D9B1Qb34aJZw/?" data-ratio="0.6763636363636364" data-w="550" data-backw="540" data-backh="364" _width="100%" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvH15aqbXApOx8Rmz1Dd713AbqmbaLeeoxvSHLtqCjrK0D9B1Qb34aJZw/?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" />曾国藩画像 03 当了江苏巡抚后，李鸿章的仕途开始真正的“一飞冲天”。李鸿章的官位定律为两年一升，每隔两年，官升一级，平步青云。 <blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; border-left: 3px solid #dbdbdb;">1864年，41岁，李鸿章被赐封一等伯爵。1866年，43岁，李鸿章剿捻有功，获赏黄马褂。1868年，45岁，官升为太子太保衔、湖广总督；封疆大吏。1870年，47岁，李鸿章调补直隶总督；是大清9位封疆大臣之首。1873年，50岁，李鸿章正式补授武英殿大学士，正式成为全大清汉官之首。</blockquote> 在整个大清，汉人能把官做到极致的，也只有李鸿章一人。一言以蔽之，李鸿章把官做到顶了，比他官位高的人只有王爷和皇帝！ 晚清，在与世界对赌国运中，西方国运往上，中国国运往下。 为了挽救中国，晚清权臣左宗棠、张之洞、曾国藩、李鸿章以一己之力为大清续命。 许多学者至今评价，如没有四大名臣，大清恐怕会早亡50年。 身为晚清重臣，李鸿章励精图治，当时的中国已风雨飘摇，他在寒风中扶着这只大船，生怕这只大船随时沉没。李鸿章给朋友书信中写道： “变则新，不变则腐；变则活，不变则板。” 李鸿章第一“变”，是变中国之体力，用武器强大中国。 1865年，他亲自出马，托人去美国购买机器，聘请高级技师和工匠。在上海，成立了全东亚最大的兵工厂江南机器制造总局。 李鸿章第二“变”，变中国之脑力，为中国培养近代化人才。 他挑选各省聪明幼童，赴美留学。每年三十人，十五年后，依次回国，报效祖国。 这些留学生都成大气，他们中有电报局长梁金荣，清华学校（清华大学前身）校长唐国安，交通大学创始人梁如浩，民国首任内阁总理唐绍仪，铁路工程师詹天佑。 可以说这些人，都是李鸿章的学生。 李鸿章第三“变”，变中国之实业。 我们可以看到一张脉络清晰的李鸿章实业清单： <blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; border-left: 3px solid #dbdbdb;">1879年，中国第一条电报线；1880年，中国第一个船坞——天津大沽船坞；1881年，中国第一家近代化煤矿——开平矿局；1882年，中国第一个海军基地；1885年，中国第一所陆军军官学校——天津武备学堂；1888年，中国第一支纯近代化舰队——北洋舰队；</blockquote> 而这些诸多的“中国第一个”，创办者都是李鸿章！ 至今，他创办的轮船招商局依然影响着中国，现在招商银行的前身就是晚清轮船招商局的子企业。 然而，古老的中国穿越千年尘埃，已经接近她的终点。 她疲惫、衰老、风光不再，在现代文明前，她窘迫难堪，风雨欲来，大厦将倾，单靠李鸿章这样的权臣孤身支撑，又怎么能够支撑得住？<img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHa7Q2apk3yC24ENZ2TsRqSfB0fdneLiaDcdwibQx51Xew4eb3Q5KicicDWg/?" data-ratio="0.665625" data-w="640" data-backw="540" data-backh="359" _width="100%" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVQImWNgYGBgAAAABQABh6FO1AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: #eeedeb; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #eeedeb; background-size: 22px; background-position: center center; 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box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px !important;" alt="" />1881年，开平矿局修建的中国第一条准轨铁路——唐胥铁路通车后，清直隶总督李鸿章率幕僚乘车视察。 04 1871年8月，当李鸿章用颤颤巍巍的手签下《中日修好条约》，从那天开始，他的后半生都在永不停歇地签约。 中国挨多少次打，李鸿章就签多少次约。 1895年3月20日午后2时半，73岁的李鸿章在随行官员的搀扶下，拄着拐杖登上马关议和之地春帆楼。 还没落座，李鸿章就先看到了日方在他座位边安置了一只痰盂。 他拄的拐杖碰到地面“吭吭”有声，面色严肃地坐下，开口就说：“首相大人，我还没老！” 谈判进行了四天，唇枪舌剑，谈判僵持不下。 3月24日下午4点，第三轮谈判结束，李鸿章走出春帆楼，乘轿车返回驿馆。 快到驿馆时，混乱的人群中突然窜出个日本男子，朝他脸上就是一枪。李鸿章左颊中弹，血染官服，倒在血泊之中。 随从慌了神，哭成一片。可他醒来第一句话却是： “慌什么，都不要哭，我死不了！ 此血可以报国矣！” 他不准医生给他动手术，只让医生将伤口简单缝合起来。 三天后，李鸿章头裹白纱布，又坐在谈判桌前。世界舆论哗然，开始谴责日本。 舆论压力下，伊藤博文主动提出减少赔款一亿两白银。 谈判最后一天，李鸿章已是疲惫不堪，在谈判桌上，我们看不到那个一人在上，万人在下的晚清权臣李鸿章，而是一个在菜市场买菜，讨价还价的孤独老人。 他与伊藤博文讨价还价：“再减少5000万，行不行？” 被伊藤博文言辞拒绝。李鸿章又还价： “5000万两不行，再减少2000万总行吧？” 最后，无奈的李鸿章甚至说：“无论如何再减少点儿，就作为老夫回国的旅费吧！”等到的还是拒绝。 国弱呀，国弱，李鸿章放下了全部的尊严，只是为中国省一点银子。 大家只看到李鸿章的“卖国”，却不曾看到中堂大人的艰难！ 1895年4月17日，《马关条约》签订，73岁的李鸿章带着一身疲惫和那颗耻辱的砂弹启程回国，船离开日本土地那一刻。李鸿章对身边人说 ： “老夫此生不再踏上日本国土！”这屈辱，他真的受够了！ 可中国那边呢，等待他的并不是理解和包容，而是骂声一片，鄙夷一片。 他拄着拐杖，站在甲板上，低头看着海水汹涌，良久，说不出一句话。 海风吹着他纸片一般消瘦的身体，稍微使劲，就能一下子把他吹到历史的尘埃里。 <img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHyDCrWVibTA8qwf7OkF5ORHyXHcibAxqgJIaxFaeRvfic3s7mAWLLMaiarQ/?" data-ratio="0.7911714770797963" data-w="589" data-backw="540" data-backh="427" _width="100%" src="data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVQImWNgYGBgAAAABQABh6FO1AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: #eeedeb; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #eeedeb; background-size: 22px; background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-image: 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box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px !important;" alt="" />《马关条约》签约现场05 李鸿章回国，朝野上下，骂声一片，官员同僚也开始孤立他。 而自始至终，他又做错了什么呢？他不过只是一个无法改变大局的棋子，只是一个73岁的快要进黄土的老人。虽然他说： “青山尚且直如弦，人生孤立又何妨。流言止于智者，尽其在我，何惧人言！” 但到了第二年，骂声一片的国内也待不下去了。1896年，74岁的李鸿章只好出国去躲流言。他从俄国开始，相继访问德国、英国、美国等多个欧美国家。 1896年，巴黎万国运动会。开幕仪式上，各国国旗伴着国歌依次升起。 轮到中国时，却只有黄龙旗在一片寂静之中缓缓升起，自始至终，没有音乐声，没有掌声，也没有人唱国歌。 过了一阵子，在场的所有人开始大笑。他们嘲笑偌大的中国，竟然连国歌都不知道为何物。 在一片嘲笑声中，年过七旬的老人拄着拐杖站起来，迈着步子走到黄龙旗下。他挺直腰板，神态毅然，满怀深情地唱着家乡小调《茉莉花》。 在不可一世的西方人面前，李鸿章从来没有卑躬屈膝，而是不断地捍卫尊严。他得到了西方人的尊重，西方人称他为“东方的俾斯麦”。 <blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; border-left: 3px solid #dbdbdb;">在德国，俾斯麦接见了李鸿章；在英国，维多利亚女王给他颁发伯爵勋章；在美国，前总统格兰特的夫人将总统的名贵手杖赠给李鸿章；</blockquote> <img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHc7YFUVNoyxiaTOnXufRLEZxHhDTBlPelomCJegGPc4EmnyKUahHeX5g/?" data-ratio="0.625" data-w="600" data-backw="540" data-backh="338" _width="100%" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHc7YFUVNoyxiaTOnXufRLEZxHhDTBlPelomCJegGPc4EmnyKUahHeX5g/?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" />李鸿章出使国外 一年之后，李鸿章结束环游欧洲之旅，登上回国的航船。 途经日本时，他乘坐的“华盛顿号”巨轮必须在横滨换另外一艘船才能返回中国。 而日本天皇和首相伊藤博文知道李鸿章到来，希望能够行使外交礼节，早早等在岸边。随从对李鸿章说：  “中堂大人，我们要上岸换船。”李鸿章脸色瞬间暗沉下来，一言不发。 从《马关条约》签订，李鸿章誓死不再踏入日本国土一步，这屈辱他铭记于心。 他绝不上岸！最后随从只好在两艘轮船之间，架起一块木板，通过木板通往另一艘船。 在高高的轮船之间，一块狭窄的木板上，李鸿章，这个74岁的老人，白发苍苍，面容清癯。 他端正官帽，面容坚定，拄着拐杖、颤颤巍巍迈出步子，每一步都异常艰难。也许风一吹，他就会掉入脚下波涛汹涌的大海。 上船之后，李鸿章并不停留一分钟，也不拜见日本天皇，在浩瀚的太平洋上立即启程。 李鸿章是可怜的，也是骄傲的！可怜是因为没有选择，内心却整整骄傲了一生。<img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHPYKXWOCro2TDrXEiczlB7ppVqEU3iaJMgN7vpqkeaq13moHwuNiaqIISQ/?" data-ratio="1.2284122562674096" data-w="718" data-backw="540" data-backh="663" _width="100%" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHPYKXWOCro2TDrXEiczlB7ppVqEU3iaJMgN7vpqkeaq13moHwuNiaqIISQ/?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" />1896年，李鸿章与退休的英国首相威廉·格拉斯通并坐。  06 1901年，李鸿章生命的最后一年。 这年，他78岁，话越来越少，常一个人坐在有假山的院落，更多时候，他像一条刚上岸的鱼，大口大口喘着粗气。 初秋的一天，经历过八国联军蹂躏的天津城，满目疮痍，一片残垣断壁。在已成废墟的直隶总督府前，七旬老人李鸿章徘徊良久。 突然像个小孩子一样嚎啕大哭起来。 老去一身如渡海，五官无处不风波。 李鸿章油灯将枯，可是，又被派去和八国联军商讨议和之事。弱国无外交，哪里有商讨一说，不过是签字罢了。 可是偌大的中国，不派李鸿章去，又能派谁呢？ 这一年，李鸿章和庆王爱新觉罗·奕劻出席《辛丑条约》签字仪式，庆王作为当时中国的最高代表，按理说应该他来签字。 庆王正准备签字，老人说了一句： “天下最难写的字，就是自己的名字。你以后的路还长，这卖国条约，还是让老臣来签吧。” 那年，李鸿章78岁，庆王63岁。 李鸿章接过庆王手中的笔，颤抖将“李鸿章”三个字签成“肃”字的模样，这三个字挤在一起，看上去既虚弱无力，又辛酸悲苦。 签完条约，李鸿章一阵剧烈咳嗽，吐血不止。 <img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHuIVzYibjX4mjibVz4GetjxBicWNRViaiczxMialHCNct3iaDvTRzA4CqLuqOQ/?" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1.2448275862068965" data-w="580" data-backw="540" data-backh="672" _width="100%" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHuIVzYibjX4mjibVz4GetjxBicWNRViaiczxMialHCNct3iaDvTRzA4CqLuqOQ/?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /> 两个月后，李鸿章病情急转直下。 八国联军进京之后，慈禧和众大臣逃离京城，全大清能够主事的人也就只剩下一个病床上的李鸿章了。 1901年11月7日，李鸿章的病床前，几个俄国公使前来，逼迫他在俄占中国东北的条约上签字，此时的李鸿章已是油尽灯枯。 但俄国人态度蛮横，强迫他立即签字。 签完字后，李鸿章大口大口吐血，一口气没喘上来。 身边人大哭：“还有话要对中堂说，不能就这么走了！” 李鸿章瞪圆眼睛，身边的人对他说：“俄国人说了，中堂走了以后，绝不与中国为难！” 李鸿章两目炯炯不瞑，张着口似乎想说什么。身边的人又说：“未了之事，我辈可了，请公放心！”  听到这句话，李鸿章闭上眼睛。他死后，大清上下，哭声一片。<img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHlJ24VGd4ITMmeT0N4tYziazbr5vU7nByUzYtgksa67vT6icdcQrRRm6A/?" data-ratio="0.5265625" data-w="640" data-backw="540" data-backh="284" _width="100%" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icoeicBZtPFtYhchlrEhDibnSib9FlTAdkvHlJ24VGd4ITMmeT0N4tYziazbr5vU7nByUzYtgksa67vT6icdcQrRRm6A/?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 661px; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" />李鸿章签署《辛丑条约》 07 《华盛顿邮报》评价李鸿章说：他无数次将中国人从无知而导致的麻烦中拯救出来，却每次都被谩骂、指责。 李鸿章的一生，他自己曾这样概括： “予少年科第，壮年戎马，中年封疆，晚年洋务。一路扶摇，遭遇不为不幸。” 就仕途名位而言，李鸿章是幸运的。 时危始识不世才，他抓住了时代提供给他的所有机会，青云直上九重霄。 然而，这时世的艰难困顿，既是他一切荣耀的来处，也是他一切屈辱的源出。 李鸿章扶大厦之将倾，耗尽心血为迟暮之帝国，小有中兴却难逃历史洪流。 时局惟艰，干戈未息。滔滔历史，每个人不过是沧海一粟，所有的反抗总是无力，所有的尊严，也不过是对自己的嘲弄。 如果第一次签字的人不是他，也许他不会背负那么多的骂名。 一生中，他颤颤巍巍签下30多个不平等的条约。他自己深知，从签字开始的那天，他就会背负一世骂名。 但历史就是这样，如果不是李鸿章，还会毫不留情地选择另外的一个“背锅侠”。 这是他的不幸，这也是适逢其时的每一个中国人的不幸。 双脚踏翻尘世浪，一肩担尽古今愁。李鸿章一生跨越了时代，却还得回过头，勉力扶着一个大国，艰难地走两步，退一步，又要争取多走两步。 满腔都是血泪史，可叹无处著悲歌。对于时代来说，李鸿章很小，但这个时代巨浪里渺小的人物，最终，让历史吐出了重重的叹息。 今天，我们不读李鸿章，便不知爱国为何物，更不会知道，在历史洪荒中，一个渺小的人负重奋力前行时，究竟需要多大的勇气。</div>