<br /><p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">前不久关于中美贸易战的一篇文章中我探讨了川普的决策方式</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[1]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">。就中美贸易来说川普的决策方式对美国有利有弊,可能利大于弊。川普显然也用同样方式来应对与欧盟,加拿大和墨西哥的贸易纷争。我认为川普用这种方式来对待盟国不妥。美国与这些盟国的关系不是纯粹经济交易,不是简单的输赢问题。美国与这些盟国的安全关系比贸易关系更为重要。与这些盟国的贸易关系需要调整,但这调整不应该损害美国与盟国的长期战略关系。从最近的一些国际政治发展来看,川普在国际政治中也用同样决策方式,这会有相当风险。这篇文章我初步考虑川普的决策方式对世界政治局势的可能影响。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">我已经列出下面五点川普的决策方式</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[1]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">。</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">1</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)很难预测川普的下一步(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">unpredictable</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)。</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">2</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)怀疑现有建制(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">anti-establishment</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)。</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">3</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)不事先确定目的/结局(</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">end game</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">),争取最佳结果。</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">4</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)管理策略是</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">chaos</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(混乱),有时可以用混水摸鱼来形容。</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">5</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)作交易(</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">transactional deal making</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)。另外还应该加上一点:</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">6</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">top</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">-</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">down</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">,即先在最高级别上敲定,再由下面具体谈判。最近川金新加坡会谈就凸显这一点。这与通常大国外交方式很不相同。一般的方式是先在中高级官员会谈中确定协议的大致,高峰会议主要是签署协议。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">国际政治作为一门学问相当深奥,一般要到研究院才可能认真学习。为了使一般读者对国际政治有些初步的了解,我在讨论北朝鲜核危机时对国际关系学作了极简单(不太准确)的介绍</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[2]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">。下面选摘其中两段。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">现在世界政治的框架是一个国际体系(</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">state system</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">),其中包括了许多主权国家。在这个体系里,每个国家都有主权,也就是说它决定自己的政治体制和外交关系,不受他国支配。有的人会问国与国之间的关系与人与人之间的关系不一样吗?答案是国与国之间的关系与人与人之间的关系有相似的地方也有不同的地方。首先一个国家是不是可以用一个人来代表就是一个大问题;这在政治哲学里有专门课题研究,这里不谈。但国与国之间的关系有时类似于人与人之间的关系,这时可以用比喻的方法来近似解释国与国之间的关系。中国古代有许多人与人国与国明争暗斗的战略战术,例如孙子兵法,春秋战国史,三国演义。这些用于国际体系有一定的参考价值,但我们必须知道其局限。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">….</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">如果可以把一个国家看作是一个人的话,霍布斯哲学可以用来近似描述国际体系。如果没有有效的机制来遏制恶性竞争,则国与国之间会频繁发生战争。过去的欧洲历史正是如此。欧洲有许多国家,以前国与国之间常发生战争。</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">1648</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">年的威斯特伐利亚 (</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Westphalia</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)条约首先开创欧洲各国可能和平共存的框架。但建立国际体系是个缓慢艰难且常有反复的过程。二战以后才有一个比较稳定的国际体系。有人称谓二战以后是法治下的自由世界秩序。但实际上无论法治还是自由主义都相当微弱;现实世界远达不到洛克哲学的要求。如果从霍布斯哲学来看,每个国家需要交出很多主权,然后建立一个超越国家的机构并配合非常强大的关键机制,例如警察和军队。但几乎没有国家会情愿交出主权。现实中的联合国与上述超国家机构有一点相似。但即使一个小国家,国家机器(军队,警察,财力,政府)对这个国家的个人就有几乎无限大的权力。相对来说联合国的权力和资源简直微不足道。所以联合国缺乏权力、机制、和资源用来维护国际和平。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">如果对美国政治和历史有些了解的话,就知道从美国建国直到二次世界大战前美国民意主流一直倾向于孤立主义。第一次世界大战初期美国中立,后来自己利益受到威胁的情况下才参战。一战结束后美国仍然不愿意参与世界政治。一战后建立的国联本来是美国总统威尔逊的建议,但是美国国会坚决反对加入。美国没有加入国联是二战爆发的一个因素。后来美国被迫被卷入二战。所以美国的孤立政策并不能保证美国不被卷入战争。二战以后因为罗斯福,杜鲁门等的远见,美国不再孤立于世界政治。美国筹建并加入了联合国,世界银行等组织,和</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">NATO</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">等防务条约。虽然二战后仍然有不少中小规模的冲突,但大多数专家认为二战后的世界秩序比较成功(起码与以前比较)。二战后以美国为首建立的世界秩序被称谓</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">”</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">以自由主义为基础的世界秩序</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">”</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Liberal International Order</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)。这名称不准确;世界上有自由民主国家,但许多国家还不是自由民主制。更多讨论见例如</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[3]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">。之所以称这个世界秩序是自由主义的一个原因大概是法治是自由民主制的基础而法治也是世界秩序的基础。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">美国参与世界政治对美国自己有利有弊。好处是这使美国的国际地位大大提高并有利于美国的贸易和经济。坏处是增加美国的军事负担和财政负担。二战后美国曾经对欧洲日本南韩等的政治经济发展有过很重要的帮助,包括比较有利的贸易条款。经过多年的发展,欧洲日本等盟国已经强大很多。现在川普奉行美国第一的政策要求调整一些贸易条款,这可以理解。但是我有几点看法。首先,从经济学原理来说全球贸易体系下没有必要也很难做到任何两国之间贸易都平衡。关键是公平竞争。如果贸易是公平的,货币是自由流通的,贸易和金融市场自然会调整。其次,不应该仅仅注重货物贸易赤字,还有服务(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">services</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)和投资部分等。以上两点显示川普的衡量方式不正确。第三,没有必要采用与中美贸易类似的强硬办法(</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">play hardba</span>l</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">l</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)来对付盟国。这些国家都是民主政治和市场经济,美国与它们之间的纠纷应该可以用比较友好的办法解决。最后也是最重要的一点是应该在国际安全和其它利益的全局上认真考量。</span></p> <p> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">川普的策略缺乏长远战略考虑(重交易性即上面第五点)。现在的世界秩序是美国和许多国家花了很大代价经过很长时间建立的。尽管如著名历史学家尼尔</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">·</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">弗格森所说这一秩序不真正属于自由主义</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[3]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">,它的功绩仍不可忽视。令人担心的是这世界秩序一旦被破坏可能需要很大努力修复或重新建立。前不久</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">NATO</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">的高峰会议和川普普京高峰会议后有许多报道和评论。</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">CNN Fareed Zakaria</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">主持的七月十五日的</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">GPS </span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">的质量很高</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[4]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">。(如果读者需要,</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Fareed</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">的开场白的底稿发表在华盛顿邮报的专栏。)那次</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">GPS</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">节目请了三位有名气的专家。我并不是完全同意他们的分析,但是考虑他们的观点有助于客观全面地分析局势。同一周</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">PBS</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">周五邀请两著名专栏座谈,这次是</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Mark Shields</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">和</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Reihan Salam</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(通常是</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">David Brooks</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">;</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Salam</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">是临时顶替)</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[5]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">。读者如果想了解背景情况,这些是不错的出发点但仅仅是入门。根据著名欧洲问题记者华盛顿邮报的</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Anne Applebaum</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">,欧洲政界人士的问题是川普的威胁到底是为了巩固西方的防卫还是想让这个联盟(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">NATO</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)死掉</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">[6]</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">。实际上美国和世界各国都从现在的世界秩序得到很多好处:和平,经济和贸易发展。这点川普应该知道,但愿川普不会让</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">NATO</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">死掉。我认为这是川普的谈判方式所致,川普有时为了达到目的满口胡言。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">这篇只是提供背景知识,希望读者自己补充阅读。现在预言将来发展还为时过早因为还有许多变数。</span></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"><em><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">注释:</span></em></p><em> </em><p style="border:none;"><em><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">1</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)<span style="color:#333333;background:#E3E4E0">韩家亮</span></span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"; color:#333333;background:#E3E4E0"> : </span></span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";color:#333333; background:#E3E4E0">贸易战与川普决策方式</span> </span><a href="http://chinainperspective.com/ArtShow.aspx?AID=195925"><span style="color:#1155CC">http://chinainperspective.com/ArtShow.aspx?AID=195925</span></a></em> </p><em> </em><p><em><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">2</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)韩家亮:<span style="color:#333333">国际政治、核武器、北朝鲜 </span></span></em></p><em> </em><p><em><a href="http://chinainperspective.com/ArtShow.aspx?AID=195498"><span style="color:#1155CC">http://chinainperspective.com/ArtShow.aspx?AID=195498</span></a></em></p><em> </em><p><em><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">3</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)</span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_ebooks_1?ie=UTF8&text=Niall+Ferguson&search-alias=digital-text&field-author=Niall+Ferguson&sort=relevancerank"><span><span style="color:#1155CC">Niall Ferguson</span></span></a><span><span>,‎ </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_ebooks_2?ie=UTF8&text=Fareed+Zakaria&search-alias=digital-text&field-author=Fareed+Zakaria&sort=relevancerank"><span><span style="color:#1155CC">Fareed Zakaria</span></span></a><span>,‎ </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_ebooks_3?ie=UTF8&text=Rudyard+Griffiths&search-alias=digital-text&field-author=Rudyard+Griffiths&sort=relevancerank"><span><span style="color:#1155CC">Rudyard Griffiths</span></span></a><span><span> (Editor), “Is This the End of the Liberal International Order?: The Munk Debate on Geopolitics,” House of Anansi Press, 2017. </span></span></em></p><em> </em><p style="border:none;"><em><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">4</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Fareed Zakaria GPS 7-15-2018 </span></span></em></p><em> </em><p style="border:none;"><em><a href="https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/07/15/fareed-zakaria-gps-republican-party-ideals-malleable-sot-vpx.cnn"><span style="color:#1155CC">https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/07/15/fareed-zakaria-gps-republican-party-ideals-malleable-sot-vpx.cnn</span></a></em></p><em> </em><p><em><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">5</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">PBS </span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(比较同意</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS""> Salam </span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">的观点;</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">Mark Shields</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">过激了些)</span></em></p><em> </em><p><em><a href="https://pbs.org/newshour/show/shields-and-salam-on-new-russian-election-meddling-charges-trumps-putin-meeting"><span style="color:#1155CC">https://pbs.org/newshour/show/shields-and-salam-on-new-russian-election-meddling-charges-trumps-putin-meeting</span></a></em></p><em> </em><p><em><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">(</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">6</span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">)<span>Anne Applebaum: Europe needs to start planning for a future with no U.S. </span></span></em></p><em> </em><p><em><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/europe-needs-to-start-planning-for-a-future-without-the-us/2018/07/12/33a7cb7e-8601-11e8-8f6c-46cb43e3f306_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.7dea37ac34df&wpisrc=nl_ideas&wpmm=1"><span style="color:#1155CC">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/europe-needs-to-start-planning-for-a-future-without-the-us/2018/07/12/33a7cb7e-8601-11e8-8f6c-46cb43e3f306_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.7dea37ac34df&wpisrc=nl_ideas&wpmm=1</span></a><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS""> </span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">其中有这样一句:</span><span><span style="font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS";Arial Unicode MS"">“Are Trump’s threats, as well as the lies and hyperbole that accompany them, just tactics intended to strengthen the Western alliance? Or does Trump actually want the alliance to die?”</span></span></em></p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p style="border:none;"> </p> <p> </p> <!–[if gte mso 10]> <![endif]–>