<div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Sep/925201825-2.jpg" width="660" height="371" alt="" style="font-size: 12pt;" /></div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">北京时间星期一（9月24日）中午12：01开始，美国开始对价值2000亿美元的中国产品征收关税，中国也于同一时间开始对美国600亿美元产品征税。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">双方的打击和报复措施再次升级，中国指责美国发起“经济史上最大规模贸易战”。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">自7月以来，美国正式向中国500亿美元商品征收25%关税，向2000亿美元商品征收10%关税，并称中国如果报复，将向剩余2670亿美元中国商品加征关税。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">然而，据《华尔街日报》报道，中国取消了下周派遣副总理刘鹤赴美谈判的计划，先于刘鹤赴美的中层代表团也被中方叫停行程。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">谈判终止为贸易战继续升级蒙上阴影。</span></p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Sep/925201825-2-1.png" width="640" height="637" alt="" /> </div><div><h2><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中国是“作弊选手”？</span></h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">从贸易战伊始，美国就指责中国是全球贸易规则下的“作弊选手”，而因此带来的“不公平贸易”使美国吃亏。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">具体而言，美国主要指责中国侵犯其知识产权、贸易壁垒高，以及中国补贴企业的政策。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">白宫首席经济顾问库德洛表示：“特朗普的目标是消除关税和非关税壁垒及配额，阻止知识产权被盗，并停止强制技术转让。”</span></p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Sep/925201825-2-2.jpg" width="624" height="351" alt="" /> </div><div><span style="color: #ececec; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; background-color: #111111; font-size: 12pt;">中美贸易平均每年为每个美国家庭节省850美元成本，相当于美国家庭收入的1.5%</span></div><div> </div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">而此前两次美国向中国提出的诉求也都是针对这一指责——要求中国保护美国公司知识产权，并立即停止向《中国制造2025》计划涉及的先进技术领域提供补贴。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">美国的指责并非没有依据，中国美国商会则在一项针对900个在华经营企业的调查显示，超过半数认为中国的保护主义是它们最为担心的挑战之一，主要针对中国的市场准入限制性措施，认为这违背了其开放市场的承诺。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">批评者认为，中国只接受对自己有利的自由贸易和开放市场，在其他方面做法则大不相同。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中国美国商会主席威廉·扎里特（William Zarit）称，在开放经济方面，中国并没有像对世界贸易组织承诺的那样完全透明。虽然正式宣称开放，但仍设有壁垒。“在过去的30年里，这在中国一直是个问题。”</span></p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Sep/925201825-2-3.png" width="640" height="910" alt="" /> </div><div> </div><div><h2><span style="font-size: 12pt;">美国是“贸易霸凌”？</span></h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">美国2000亿美元关税实施后，中国除了关税反击，还发布了一份长达3.6万字的《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场》白皮书，详细说明其立场和态度。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">白皮书中用一个新提法指责美国——“贸易霸凌主义”。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">白皮书中称，美国新政府上任以来，片面强调“美国优先”，奉行单边主义和经济霸权主义，背弃国际承诺，四面出击挑起国际贸易摩擦，不仅损害了中国和其他国家利益，更损害了美国自身国际形象，动摇了全球多边贸易体制根基，最终必将损害美国长远利益。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">其次，中国列举数据反驳“美国吃亏论”，称美国企业和国民从两国经贸合作中得到了实实在在的好处，比如2015年，中美贸易平均每年为每个美国家庭节省850美元成本，相当于美国家庭收入的1.5%。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">对于美国“强制技术转让”的指责，白皮书称“完全是对事实的歪曲”，这种行为实际上是外商通过向中国企业转让技术，共同在中国市场获得商业回报的自愿合作行为。</span></p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/media/images/74982000/jpg/_74982321_line976.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/media/images/74982000/jpg/_74982321_line976.jpg" alt="Presentational grey line" width="464" height="2" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in 0s; display: block;" /></span></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">此外，白皮书在其他一些问题上也进行辩解和指责：</span></p><ul style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; background-color: #ffffff;"><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">美国以国内法“长臂管辖”制裁他国，在国际事务中动辄要求其他国家的实体或个人必须服从美国国内法，否则随时可能遭到美国的民事、刑事、贸易等制裁；</span></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">美国所主张的“公平贸易”和“对等开放”，否定各国发展阶段、资源禀赋和优势产业的客观差异，无视发展中国家发展权，势必会对发展中国家经济和产业造成冲击，造成更大范围的不公平；</span></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">美国存在大量扭曲市场竞争、阻碍公平贸易、割裂全球产业链的投资贸易限制政策和行为；</span></li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中国继续按照既定部署和节奏，坚定不移深化改革、扩大开放。</span></li></ul><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/media/images/74982000/jpg/_74982321_line976.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/media/images/74982000/jpg/_74982321_line976.jpg" alt="Presentational grey line" width="464" height="2" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in 0s; display: block;" /></span></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">在面对美国的态度上，白皮书并没有缓和，而是称“中国不愿打、不怕打、必要时不得不打。”</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">在“贸易霸凌”怼“作弊选手”的互相指责中，中美持续对峙，也让专家判断贸易战将演化为持久战，为两国乃至世界经济带来深远影响。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">香港中文大学助理教授胡荣认为，贸易战在很大程度上源于白宫不再将中国视为塑造全球经济增长的战略伙伴。相反，美国将中国视为“零和游戏”中的竞争对手。</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">她表示，未来我们可能会越来越多地看到，美国将采取其他方法，例如禁止中国公司在美国或其盟国（如日本和澳大利亚）开展业务，获得合同，尤其是中国的高科技公司。美国将尽一切努力抑制中国在高科技制造业取得进步的努力。</span></p> </div>