《流浪地球》與“生物圈二號” – 纵览中国-China In Perspective

最近正在上映的科幻大片《流浪地球》獲得了前所未有的成功，不僅贏得了可觀的票房，也贏得了可觀的眼淚。網上影評很多，我想就此發表一點感想。 有一枚帖子認為，影片中限制人口的因素顯然不是食物，因為“可控核聚變足以提供工廠化農場的人工陽光需求。”然後進行了一番簡略計算，結論是“現在的工廠化農業研究的高效光源只產生葉綠體能使用的波段，大概1TW的高效人工紫外光就足夠養活70億人。收集一下行星發動機的廢熱再轉換一下估計就差不多了……而且各個地下城市之間相互還能支援，這種全球性的社會養活幾十億人輕輕松松。”<div> </div> <div> </div><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Feb/2222019YZ1.jpg" alt="" width="680" height="453" /> </div><div>流浪地球》中的宏偉畫面</div>   無獨有偶，一篇持相同觀點的跟帖說：“按片裡的背景，人類食用的熱量可以來自煤和石油生產出來的脂肪酸。……蛋白質可以來自於酵母菌蚯蚓和昆蟲。維生素和礦物質來自溫室農業培養出的草和蘑菇。當然了，合成肉太貴了，一般老百姓吃不起，只有過年居委會才發餃子……” 馬上就有更樂觀的人：“其實有草和蘑菇的話，養雞並不難，肉飼比1：2，多生產一倍的飼料就能吃上雞肉了。1個行星發動機的廢熱收集一下來發電再種草種蘑菇，幾十萬人只吃肉都養得起。” 這種“行星發動機廢熱溫室農業”的暢想馬上就遭到一位網友反駁：“去看看人類的生物圈2試驗吧，到最後都不知道失敗的問題究竟在哪兒。實驗最後結論是——除了地球，任何人造環境都不能供人類長期生存。”——這真是令人欣慰。我曾不止一次以“生物圈2號”實驗之失敗告誡那種在大自然面前的科學狂妄，這回遇見同道了。 “生物圈二號” （Biosphere 2）實驗的主要任務是模擬地球，即“生物圈一號”的生態環境，實驗建築位於美國亞利桑那州，是一個由一系列鋼材、水泥和鋼化玻璃結構起來的封閉的生態系統。從科學思維和技術創造來講，這個實驗系統全面周到，無可挑剔。裡面有森林、草原、沼澤、海洋、沙漠，耕地和小村，還有進行實驗的4男4女共8名自願者，都是科學家。1991年，8位自願者像宇航員升空那樣向我們這些地球居民揮手告別，門關上，系統封閉了。初期傳出來的盡是好消息，糧食增產，身體健康。但情況漸漸惡化，動植物開始死亡，傳粉昆蟲全數消失，蟑螂等害蟲大量繁殖。隨著氧氣含量逐步降低，自願者們開始呼吸困難、舉步維艱。在這種情形下，1993年1月從外界注入氧氣，實驗宣告失敗。是有什麼細節沒考慮到嗎？是的，看上去微不足道的細節：玻璃阻擋了部分陽光，使得微生物的呼吸作用超過了植物的光合作用，氧氣便逐漸減少。但奇怪的是，二氧化碳卻沒有因此而逐步增加。原來，失蹤的那一部分二氧化碳，是被建築物中的水泥吸收，起了化學變化。 地球給人類上了重要的一課。“生物圈二號”的失敗，是對科學主義、人類中心主義的一個沈重打擊。它試圖以高科技建立一個人造的生態系統，這在前提上就是自相矛盾的。因為迄今以來的歷史證明，人類從來不是生態平衡中的積極因素，只有在那些人跡罕至的地方才能看到健康的生機勃勃的大自然。當今之世，地球上僅存四處復歸於自然的美好環境：一處是4公裡寬，200多公裡長的三八線軍事禁區，一處是柬埔寨一千萬顆地雷造成的無人區，一處是柏林牆倒塌前160公裡長，不過100多米寬的無人區。還有一處，地球上最大的一塊無人區——切爾諾貝利核事故禁區。在這個1,800平方英裏面積橫跨烏克蘭和白俄羅斯邊境的區域內，當人類退出之後，大自然欣欣向榮，已成為歐洲最大的野生動物和鳥類保護區，尤其令人吃驚的是，還發現了許多非原生物種，也就是說，這裡成了避難所。   <img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Feb/2222019YZ2.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="413" /> 這是普爾熱瓦爾斯基氏野馬，據說這種馬已經在100多年前就消失了，卻被發現在切爾諾貝利禁區裏悠然散步。歐洲野牛已經在1920年因為人類的獵殺而滅絕了，也在這裡出現了。   讓我們回到《流浪地球》的話題上。有人說：《流浪地球》成文的1999年適逢美國“生物圈II號”實驗失敗，這或許影響了劉慈欣對於人造生態系統的看法。可能這就是他為何選擇帶著地球去流浪的幻想依據。自然，這只是網友們的一個猜測，科幻片不是科學論文，不必頂真，不過也不能太離譜，有辱觀眾智商。在地球—太陽這個系統中，任何一個參數的微小變化對人類生存都是毀滅性的。如地球離太陽的距離，地軸的傾角、自轉的速度、磁場的方向和強度等等。現在出了問題的，不過是溫室氣體增多，地球增溫幾個攝氏度，就已經造成極大生存危機，把地球推離原有軌道，一瞬間人類就不復存在了。科學界公認，在人類出現之前，太陽已存在50億年，今後還會繼續存在50億年，人類歷史不過是太陽100億年歷史中短短的幾百萬年，差得幾個數量級。現在就去考慮50億年後的問題，或者為了劇情需要而假設太陽即將毀滅，就很有些無視常識的意味了。科幻片不是不可以這樣寫，但沒有必要，不挑戰科學常識與觀眾智商的路多得很。認為飛船太小，無法維持一個完整的生態系統，因而要帶著地球去流浪，這就等於要避免一個小麻煩製造了一個大麻煩。這種不惜地球瞬間毀滅的超前的智慧和勇氣，就不是人類，甚至神類所能理解的了。古人所說的“杞人憂天”絕對是一個睿智的猜想：我們生活其中的這個宇宙是一超穩定巨系統。有人盛讚《流浪地球》表現了真正的中國優秀傳統思想，其實中國文明貢獻給世界的是“天人合一”。科學崇拜、“征服大自然”是西洋過來的泊來品。   2019年2月19日 <!–[if !mso]> v\\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} <![endif]–><!–[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]–><!–[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>ZH-CN</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> <w:UseFELayout/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--" /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]–><!–[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="false" defsemihidden="false" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="375"> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="0" qformat="true" name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 8" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="heading 9" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 7" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 8" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index 9" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 7" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 8" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toc 9" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Normal Indent" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="footnote text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="annotation text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="header" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="footer" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="index heading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="35" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="caption" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="table of figures" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="envelope address" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="envelope return" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="footnote reference" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="annotation reference" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="line number" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="page number" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="endnote reference" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="endnote text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="table of authorities" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="macro" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="toa heading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Bullet" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Number" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Bullet 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Bullet 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Bullet 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Bullet 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Number 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Number 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Number 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Number 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="10" qformat="true" name="Title" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Closing" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Signature" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Default Paragraph Font" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text Indent" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Continue" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Continue 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Continue 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Continue 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="List Continue 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Message Header" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="11" qformat="true" name="Subtitle" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Salutation" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Date" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text First Indent" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text First Indent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Note Heading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text Indent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Body Text Indent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Block Text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Hyperlink" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="FollowedHyperlink" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="22" qformat="true" name="Strong" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="20" qformat="true" name="Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Document Map" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Plain Text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="E-mail Signature" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Top of Form" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Bottom of Form" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Normal (Web)" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Acronym" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Address" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Cite" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Code" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Definition" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Keyboard" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Preformatted" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Sample" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Typewriter" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="HTML Variable" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Normal Table" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="annotation subject" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="No List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Outline List 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Outline List 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Outline List 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Simple 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Simple 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Simple 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Classic 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Classic 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Classic 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Classic 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Colorful 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Colorful 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Colorful 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Columns 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Columns 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Columns 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Columns 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Columns 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 7" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Grid 8" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 7" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table List 8" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table 3D effects 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table 3D effects 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table 3D effects 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Contemporary" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Elegant" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Professional" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Subtle 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Subtle 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Web 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Web 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Web 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Balloon Text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Theme" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="1" qformat="true" name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="34" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="29" qformat="true" name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="30" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="19" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="21" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="31" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="32" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="33" qformat="true" name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="37" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="41" name="Plain Table 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="42" name="Plain Table 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="43" name="Plain Table 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="44" name="Plain Table 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="45" name="Plain Table 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="40" name="Grid Table Light" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Mention" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Smart Hyperlink" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Hashtag" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Unresolved Mention" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]–><!–[if gte mso 10]> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} <![endif]–>