西方文明抵御东方文明浅述

<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0; line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1996<span lang="ZH-CN">年,哈佛大学教授亨廷顿出版了《文明冲突和世界秩序重建》一书,系统地阐述了他于</span>1993<span lang="ZH-CN">年提出的</span>&#8220;<span lang="ZH-CN">文明冲突论</span>&#8221;<span lang="ZH-CN">。亨氏认为冷战后的世界,冲突的基本根源不再是意识形态,而是文化方面的差异,主宰全球的将是</span>&#8220;<span lang="ZH-CN">文明的冲突</span>&#8221;<span lang="ZH-CN">。</span>2001<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>&#8220;9&#183;11&#8221;<span lang="ZH-CN">事件发生后,立刻就有人将之与亨氏文明冲突论联系起来。</span></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU1.png" width="540" height="315" alt="" />&nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:28.0pt; mso-char-indent-count:2.0;line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:red" lang="ZH-CN"><br /></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:28.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0; line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">2019<span lang="ZH-CN">年,穆斯林大量移民欧美,美中之间爆发贸易战两大事件再次引起人们对于&#8220;文明的冲突&#8221;的关切。为飨读者,笔者愿意在此浅述一番古往今来西方文明对于东方文明的</span>11<span lang="ZH-CN">次重大抵御(包括反击)。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><a name="_Hlk6770934"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">一、古代西方文明对东方文明的抵御</span></strong></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6770934"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></strong></span></span></p> <span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6770934"></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">逼走上帝之鞭。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">公元</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">441<span lang="ZH-CN">至</span>452<span lang="ZH-CN">年的史上首次游牧民族西侵,要从匈奴王国被汉朝打败以后分裂为南北匈奴王国说起。而北匈奴国的部分民族,向西北迁徙,经中亚地区抵达钦察草原,越过高加索山脉,进入东欧。随后,打败东罗马帝国,威逼西罗马帝国,其首领是被欧洲人誉为&#8220;上帝之鞭&#8221;的阿提拉。这是亚洲游牧民族首次大肆入侵欧洲事件,也是迄今为止人们记载到的最早欧亚大陆文明接触事件。最后,阿契斯率领的西罗马军在如今法国奥尔良区逼退了阿提拉率领的北匈奴军。后者没被整歼,而是知难而退。</span></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU2.jpg" width="375" height="249" alt="" />&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center; ">&nbsp;<strong style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="line-height: 13.8px; font-family: SimSun;">阿提拉入侵欧洲</span></strong></div><div></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">蒙古西征东撤。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">蒙古人是鲜卑人的后代。今称&#8220;西伯利亚&#8221;实应改为&#8220;鲜卑利亚&#8221;,哪儿是西呀?那儿是欧洲正东!</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1219<span lang="ZH-CN">年至</span>1222<span lang="ZH-CN">年,成吉思汗建立大蒙古国后对花拉子模帝国进行第一次西征,其大将速不台于</span>1221<span lang="ZH-CN">年追击花拉子模国王穆罕默德到达今阿塞拜疆,随后杀入格鲁吉亚。</span>1223<span lang="ZH-CN">年,在喀拉喀河打败俄罗斯</span>12<span lang="ZH-CN">个公国组成的联军后,于</span>1225<span lang="ZH-CN">年返回蒙古高原。</span>1235<span lang="ZH-CN">年,成吉思汗逝世后,其子窝阔台继任蒙古大汗,窝阔台汗召开议会(呼拉尔),决定进行第二次西征,开始了对欧洲长达五年的征战(</span>1237<span lang="ZH-CN">年&#8212;</span>1242<span lang="ZH-CN">年)。征服了俄罗斯、波兰、匈牙利、奥地利。</span>1242<span lang="ZH-CN">年,因窝阔台汗逝世,蒙古大军返回亚洲。第三次西征:</span>1240<span lang="ZH-CN">年成吉思汗的孙子拔都攻占基辅。</span>1241<span lang="ZH-CN">年拔都率部入侵波兰、匈牙利、斯洛伐克、捷克,直至在奥地利的维也纳附近受阻于奥地利&#8212;波西米亚联军。</span>1242<span lang="ZH-CN">年窝阔台汗的死讯传来,拔都率军东归争夺汗位的继承。维也纳附近便是蒙古大军所到的最西地方。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">阿提拉虽然声名不如成吉思显赫,但欧洲人打心底最恐惧的还是他,毕竟成吉思只是打到了多瑙河,而这位却几乎奴役了整个欧洲:导致西罗马帝国名存实亡,建立起一个欧亚大陆帝国。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">欧洲史书多称阿提拉于奥尔良(今在法国境内)败于阿契斯后撤欧归亚一事,乃为西方文明温床免遭东方蛮族文明篡改头等大事。那么,成吉思</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&gt;<span lang="ZH-CN">窝阔太</span>&gt;<span lang="ZH-CN">拔都三次西侵均以自行回撤告终,更可以作如是观,对吧?</span></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center; ">&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU3.jpg" width="400" height="224" alt="" /></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:red" lang="ZH-CN"><br /></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 115%;"><em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">西班牙光复战。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></em></p><div><em>&nbsp;</em></div><div><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN"><em>&nbsp; &nbsp;以下引自网文:</em></span></span></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">但是南欧西方文明温床却曾被东方野蛮文明征服、篡改长达</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">800<span lang="ZH-CN">之久,虽然后来得以领土、宗教、人种、文化失而复得。公元</span>711<span lang="ZH-CN">年,信奉</span></span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊斯兰教</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">的</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">阿拉伯人</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">在征服了北非的柏柏尔并使其皈依</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊斯兰教</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">后,入侵</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊比利亚半岛</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">,并迅速打败了统治西班牙的</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">西哥特王国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">,征服了除了最北部山区以外的整个</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊比利亚半岛</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">,从此西班牙进入了</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊斯兰教</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">统治时期。虽然西班牙国家的真正形成,要到近</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">800<span lang="ZH-CN">年以后,卡斯蒂里亚的</span></span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%8E%E8%B4%9D%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊莎贝拉女王</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">和阿拉贡的费尔南德国王结婚后,两国合并以后才会出现。但</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊比利亚半岛</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">本来就有西班牙这称呼,所以使用这个名词也不算错误。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">虽说西班牙的光复力量于</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">11<span lang="ZH-CN">世纪时遭受了挫折,但并没有被消灭。经过不断的拉锯征战和发展壮大,到公元</span>12<span lang="ZH-CN">世纪末,伊比利亚北半部已经完全被</span></span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">基督教</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">王国所收复,虽然伊斯兰教和摩尔人也进行过数次有威胁的反扑,但</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">西班牙人</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">的光复事业已经看到了成功的希望,此时的伊比利亚半岛已经形成了</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">葡萄牙</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、卡斯蒂里亚、阿拉贡三个强大的国家。而到</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">13<span lang="ZH-CN">世纪末,</span></span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">穆斯林</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">摩尔人的控制区就只剩下南部</span></span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A&amp;tn=SE_PcZhidaonwhc_ngpagmjz&amp;rsv_dl=gh_pc_zhidao" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">安达卢西亚</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">的格林纳达王国了。最终于公元</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1492<span lang="ZH-CN">年,格林纳达被费尔南德和伊莎贝拉亲率大军所征服,全西班牙光复,长达</span>800<span lang="ZH-CN">年的摩尔人统治终于彻底结束。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">不断与异族人和异教徒的战争,极大的促进了西班牙的民族精神的形成,与摩尔人和伊斯兰教的残酷斗争引发的宗教狂热和极度高涨的民族精神,成了刺激和推动西班牙和葡萄牙进行大航海和对美洲进行征服,从而使西班牙成为</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">16<span lang="ZH-CN">世纪海上霸主的重要动力。</span></span></strong></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU4.jpg" width="500" height="281" alt="" />&nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:red" lang="ZH-CN"><br /></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:red"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:115%" align="center"><em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">西班牙去伊斯兰化战争胜利:在格林纳达城,白人军队接受苏丹率部投降。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></strong></span></em></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;</span></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">奥斯曼国曾为占领南欧发动战争,俄罗斯国曾为占领近东发动战争,均被西方联军击败,其对西方文明威胁程度不大;穆斯林大量移民西方国家并在当地大量繁殖,现已构成回教文明对于西方文明的致命威胁,西方文明将会如何克服此种致命威胁尚未&#8220;展开画卷&#8221;;伊朗、北朝、伊拉克、利比亚以及伊斯兰卫教者恐吓袭击,更多的是东方文明对于美欧霸权而非西方文明的挑战,尽管萨达姆、卡扎菲也像山下奉文、本间雅晴一样丢了性命。故笔者于此不对它们展开论述。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><a name="_Hlk6771013"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">二、</span></strong></a><a name="_Hlk6745311" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; text-indent: 20px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-image: url(&quot;/EditBackyard/CuteSoft_Client/CuteEditor/Load.ashx?type=image&amp;file=anchor.gif&quot;);"></a><a name="_Hlk9939450"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">十字军东征去伊斯兰化规模空前</span></strong></span></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk9939450"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></strong></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;</span><span lang="ZH-CN">网上记述如下:</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:18.0pt;mso-pagination: widow-orphan;background:white"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5378241-7564163.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">十字军</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">东征</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">(1096-1291)<span lang="ZH-CN">是一系列在</span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk6771013"></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/1989899-2105848.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">罗马</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/2214213-2342952.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">天主教</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5342320-5577763.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">教皇</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">的准许下进行的、持续近</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">200<span lang="ZH-CN">年的、有名的宗教性军事行动,由</span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/1166850-1234331.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">西欧</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">的</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/9249277-9582640.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">封建领主</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">和</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/100246-105765.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">骑士</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">以收复阿拉伯穆斯林入侵占领的土地的名义对地中海东岸国家发动的战争,前后共计九次。十字架是基督教的象征,因此每个参加出征的人胸前和臂上都佩戴</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"<span lang="ZH-CN">十</span>"<span lang="ZH-CN">字标记,故称</span>"<span lang="ZH-CN">十字军</span>"<span lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt; line-height:18.0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;background:white" align="left"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">当时,原属罗马</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/2214213-2342952.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">天主教</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">圣地的</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/2067849-2187606.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">耶路撒冷</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">落入</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5366097-5601800.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">伊斯兰教</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">手中,罗马天主教为了收复失地,便进行多次东征行动。但实际上东征不仅仅限于针对伊斯兰,如</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5981830-6194795.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">第四次十字军东征</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">就是针对信奉</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/899617-950891.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">东正教</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">的</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/2340088-2474832.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">拜占庭帝国</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">。十字军在他们占领的地区建立起了几十个十字军国家,最大的是</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5730293-5943032.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">耶路撒冷王国</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">,此外还有</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/6215984-6429257.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">安条克公国</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">,</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/8573325-8894075.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">的黎波里伯国</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">等。</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:24.0pt; line-height:18.0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;background:white" align="left"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">自然,它受到了整个天主教世界累世的传诵,众多随军教士及后世的教会编年史家都在竭力记述此役,赞美基督,如神迹般传诵。同时,这场战争及其后拉丁东方的建立,更是影响了整个东</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/1023523-1082511.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">地中海</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">格局,如一石激起千层浪,受到各方的强烈关切。</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/4299728-4503456.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">拜占庭</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">、</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5409180-5647191.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">亚美尼亚</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">、突厥人、</span></span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/1435310-1517162.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:windowtext;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">阿拉伯人</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN">,各种宗教背景、不同地位出身的史家都在著述陈辞,详述此事。</span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: 楷体;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">三、西方文明对东亚文明的新旧抵御</span></strong></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771013"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6745311"></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">仇洋灭教惨败。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">八国联军来华镇压杀害洋教士和华教徒的义和团和清军队,既属西方文明对中国文明的反击</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">,<span lang="ZH-CN">也是列强对于中国的侵略。笔者在牛津大学就读时,认识了一位香港教会资助来读宗教学研究生的香港教友,姓关。他跟我说,西方教会研究机构也在检讨当时在华教士滥用治外法权扩张权力,侵犯中国朝野利益的责任问题。应当指出,由于&#8220;东南互保&#8221;,当时东南多省朝野并无杀害洋教士、华教民。现在有的视频先演示包括中国东南在内的多处洋教士为了当地教民脱贫鞠躬尽瘁死而后已,后演示中国北方拳乱地区洋教士、华教民被杀,人头落地,予人印象中国民众无论南北均为暴徒,恩将仇报,此为制造李代桃僵。广州市一德路石室教堂,当初本是法国远征军酋强迫广东当局割出土地建造,曾经举行阅兵接收仪式。中法建交之后,健忘的法国当局竟然没有宣布归还中国该堂该地。文革中红卫兵冲击该堂便属同态复仇&#8212;&#8212;法方暴力得之暴力失之,是否上帝安排?</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">击退日本挑战。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1941<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>12<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>7<span lang="ZH-CN">日,日本海军奇袭</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="珍珠港事件"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">美国太平洋海军基地珍珠港</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">,同时在</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="西太平洋"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">西太平洋</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">向香港、</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%B0%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="兰印作战"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">印尼</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="缅甸战役"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">缅甸</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="马来亚战役"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">马来亚</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1941%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931942%E5%B9%B4)" title="菲律宾战役 (1941年&#8211;1942年)"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">菲律宾</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、巴布亚这些英属、荷属、美属、澳属殖民地进攻。美国由此对日宣战,加入同盟国阵营,而与日本同盟的</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="纳粹德国"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">纳粹德国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">与</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931946%E5%B9%B4)" title="意大利王国 (1861年&#8211;1946年)"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">意大利</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">亦向美国宣战。在战争初期日军迅速占领太平洋近四分之一的地域,直到</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B3%B6%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0" title="中途岛海战"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">中途岛海战</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">战败而丧失主动权,之后又陆续于</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="所罗门群岛战役"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">所罗门群岛</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="新几内亚战役"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">新几内亚</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">等地消耗战力,而盟军重振兵力后展开反攻。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1945<span lang="ZH-CN">年,美军已收复大多数被日军占领的地区,并陆续攻占日本邻近的岛屿,对日本实施</span></span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="空袭日本"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">大规模轰炸</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">与</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%A2%E9%A4%93%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="饥饿行动"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">海空封锁</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1945<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>8<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>6<span lang="ZH-CN">日和</span>9<span lang="ZH-CN">日,</span></span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%87%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="广岛与长崎原子弹爆炸"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">美军于广岛和长崎投掷两颗原子弹</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">,同时苏联亦宣布废除</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1941<span lang="ZH-CN">年签署的《</span></span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="苏日中立条约"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">苏日中立条约</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">》,</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="苏日战争"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">对日宣战</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">8<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>15<span lang="ZH-CN">日,</span></span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8A%95%E9%99%8D" title="日本投降"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">日本宣布无条件投降</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">,并于</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">9<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>2<span lang="ZH-CN">日签署投降书,标志太平洋战争和第二次世界大战的终结。日本军事挑战美英荷澳构成有史以来东方文明针对西方文明最为严重一次的<a style="mso-comment-reference:A_1;mso-comment-date:20190423T2051">冲击</a></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_1" href="#_msocom_1" name="_msoanchor_1">[A1]</a><span style="mso-special-character:comment">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU5.png" width="351" height="259" alt="" />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU6.png" width="213" height="283" alt="" /></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:115%" align="center"><em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-no-proof:yes"></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">日军袭击珍珠港&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 拳民杀害洋教士</span></span></span></em><em style="text-align: left; text-indent: 110.7pt;"></em></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;text-indent:110.7pt; mso-char-indent-count:10.5;line-height:115%" align="left"><em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span lang="ZH-CN"></span></span></strong></span></em></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">笔者认为,标志这次东亚文明挑战西方文明失败事件,其实不是在密苏里号战列舰上举行的对日受降仪式,而是盟军于</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1946<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>2<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>23<span lang="ZH-CN">日绞死山下奉文,于</span>1946<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>4<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>3<span lang="ZH-CN">日枪毙本间雅晴。这是西方文明对于日本文明的严正报复以及震慑:看你</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Japs</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">今后还敢来吗?<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">可见白种人对于黄种人战场能够打赢他们十分在乎。</strong>厉害了的国度竟然有人嘲笑这是美盟军统帅麦克阿瑟、斯利姆为了发泄先前战败私愤而抢在远东军事法庭开审将他们杀死!还辩解说:两位日军将领自身没有直接下令残杀&#8220;战俘以及百姓&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;他们可关西方文明何事?专制既出蠢君也出蠢民!大陆极左极右两派均为盛产不可理喻蠢货。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU7.jpg" width="283" height="425" alt="" />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU8.jpg" width="270" height="298" alt="" /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">山下奉文</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span lang="ZH-CN">本间雅晴</span></span></strong></span></em></p><div>&nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">日本欲以&#8220;东亚王道&#8221;取代&#8220;西洋霸道&#8221;,清朝企图通过杀戮教士制止&#8220;名教奇变&#8221;,这便构成对于西方文明形而上式严重挑战。不过,孔教人格化式此时杀人未愈一万,马教人格化式</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1949<span lang="ZH-CN">至</span>1979<span lang="ZH-CN">几十年间却曾夺去以千倍计人命</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">斩断东来毒爪。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">尽管中国业已放弃国有&#8212;计划制度以及向东南亚输出革命,</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">2018<span lang="ZH-CN">&#8212;</span>2019<span lang="ZH-CN">年间的中美贸易大战仍然构成了最新一轮西方文明对东方文明之一中国文明的重大抵御。它不仅是有关消除美方对华贸易持续赤字的商业战,还更是:其一,有关掐断中方对美知识产权剽窃的科技战。其二,有关斩断中国文明之邪恶部分毒爪的自卫战:清平世界,朗朗乾坤,岂容皇权复出、宦虎踞市、贪污腐败、掩实造假、不守成规、间谍蚁发通过高峰会、大撒钱、大外宣、互联网、伪移民流毒全球,进而危害、腐蚀西邦西人,颠覆西方价值体系?</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">比起共产党俄罗斯文明,夹杂大量中西野蛮成分的共产党新中国文明虽在军事上、经济上双扭转了对于西方文明的颓势,但在母型创新上毫无寸进。这使这个文明无从不具备针对西方文明&#8220;比而齐之,齐而上之&#8221;所需要的一丝品格。它的现在式居然声称要推广中国模式以建设以中国文明居首的&#8220;人类命运共同体&#8221;,这好比缘木求鱼,水中捞月,结果早早招来惩罚。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU9.jpg" width="400" height="208" alt="" />&nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:red" lang="ZH-CN"><br /></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><a name="_Hlk6771052"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">四、七秩西方文明对苏俄文明的抵御</span></strong></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771052"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></strong></span></span></p> <span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6771052"></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">古人以十年为一秩。此节讲的是</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1917<span lang="ZH-CN">年至</span>1991<span lang="ZH-CN">年西方文明对东方文明的抵御。西方文明的首要标杆为民主政治、民营经济、依法治国、言论自由、人权保障、社会福利。以色列、新加坡、印度、香港、澳门、台湾、南韩、日本现被认作基本属于西方国家或者西方社会,尽管它们地理位置均在亚洲。相反,位于欧洲的俄国文明以及多国东欧文明,至今仍然不被西方世界承认为西方文明。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">华沙拯救西方。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1917<span lang="ZH-CN">年俄国十月革命之后,列宁等布尔什维克领导人从马恩学说教条出发,把苏俄与外部资本主义世界对立起来,认为一国不能取得无产阶级革命完全胜利,为着保障苏俄的安全必须推进世界革命,打破资本主义的包围。于是在十月革命胜利初期,苏俄政权致全力于发动世界革命。列宁说道:&#8220;共产国际的成立是国际苏维埃共和国即将诞生的前兆,是共产主义即将在国际范围内取得胜利的前兆。&#8221;可见当时在苏共看来,不是没钱咋干的问题,而是不干没命的问题。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">在苏俄政府支持之下,中东欧一些国家曾经发生革命,但都持续时间不长:匈牙利社会主义联邦共和国存在</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">133<span lang="ZH-CN">天;斯洛伐克的苏维埃政权存在三个星期;德国巴伐利亚的苏维埃政权存在两个星期;在芬兰、爱沙尼亚和波兰,以苏俄为榜样的革命很快被扼杀。</span>1919<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>8<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>1<span lang="ZH-CN">日匈牙利革命遭到镇压,标志着中东欧的革命浪潮彻底回落。</span>1920<span lang="ZH-CN">年,苏军进攻波兰,企图利用此役成功再次点燃世界革命烈火,却以惨败告终。列宁的世界革命思想在俄国西面没有获得预期成果,于是他把推动世界革命的目光由欧洲转向亚洲。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">而在亚洲,中国国情最为符合列宁心目中的革命条件,于是中共得到表面为共产国际,实则为苏联共党最大限度的饷械支援、战略指导。后来,苏共又对它对中共的出于意识形态需要的奥援,大大糅合进了出于国家利益需要的奥援:</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1945<span lang="ZH-CN">年以前,防止宿敌日本称霸中国;</span>1949<span lang="ZH-CN">年以后,防范新冤美国拉拢中国。尽管苏共对于中共饷械奥援以及工矿明援,可被视为人类历史最大武器弹药转移、火种经费转移、技术设备转移,但是这些输出终达地点乃在当时亚洲中国不在欧美,对于西方文明并无构成直接威胁。十月革命输出革命对于西方文明形成最大威胁事件乃是苏联反侵波兰、入侵芬兰、阵营东欧、封锁柏林、核武古巴事件。西方世界承认东德、捷克为西方国家。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">举其显例说之:苏联反侵波兰失败,使得苏共顺势而上入侵西欧企图无疾而终。英国历史学者</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C2%B7J%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" title="A&#183;J&#183;P&#183;泰勒"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">泰勒</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">认为波苏战争&#8220;大大地决定了以后</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">20<span lang="ZH-CN">年或者更长的欧洲历史&#8230;&#8230;秘密地以及几乎不自觉地,俄罗斯苏维埃共和国领导人放弃了推动国际革命的想法。否则布尔什维克人会提早</span>20<span lang="ZH-CN">年出兵国外去&#8216;制造革命&#8217;。&#8221;美国社会学家盖拉认为波兰的胜利不单为波兰,也至少为整个中欧带来了</span>20<span lang="ZH-CN">年的独立。英国军事史家</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E5%8B%92" title="约翰&#183;弗雷德里克&#183;查尔斯&#183;富勒"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">富勒</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">将军更将波苏战争中最关键的</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1920)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="华沙战役 (1920)(页面不存在)"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">华沙战役</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">列为改变世界局势的关键性战役,在其著作《</span></span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="西洋世界军事史(页面不存在)"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">西洋世界军事史</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">》中,他用了一整章节来行记述:戴贝尔仑勋爵</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1930<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>8<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>17<span lang="ZH-CN">日在《波兰公报》发表文章说道,从当时西欧各国在一战后的疲弊与国内共党革命的暗潮汹涌来看,倘若波兰于华沙战役战败,当时的欧洲不可能抵挡俄罗斯苏维埃共和国的闪电入侵。富勒认为:&#8220;政治家们应向</span>…<span lang="ZH-CN">欧洲人解释清楚,在</span>1920<span lang="ZH-CN">年,波兰曾经拯救了欧洲。&#8221; </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">东欧终生剧变。</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">二战之后,苏联在其占领的东欧国家里扶持起共产党独掌政权。它们包括波兰、罗马尼亚、保加利亚、阿尔巴尼亚、匈牙利、捷克斯洛伐克、南斯拉夫和东德。尽管如此,这一成就距离</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1920<span lang="ZH-CN">年列宁挥师西进企图经由占领波兰继续占领德国、法国、英国、奥地利、意大利等国的宏达目标还是离得很远。东欧剧变,西方国家称之为东欧</span>1989<span lang="ZH-CN">年系列革命,是指</span>1989<span lang="ZH-CN">年前后</span></span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/6068619-6281687.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">东欧</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">一些社会主义国家的共产党和工人党,在短时间内纷纷丧失政权,各个社会主义国家的政治经济</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/3100265-3267739.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">制度</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">发生根本性、历史性改变的大事件。其后东方</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/1234489-1305686.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">社会主义制度</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">演变成为西方资本主义</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/3100265-3267739.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">制度</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">。这番</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1989<span lang="ZH-CN">年前后发生的剧变。最先在</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5772885-5985658.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">波兰人民共和国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">出现,后来扩展到</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5838996-6051827.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">德意志民主共和国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">以及</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/6268577-6482000.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">捷克斯洛伐克</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、匈牙利、</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/6553292-6767040.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">保加利亚人民共和国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/5768216-5980986.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">罗马尼亚社会主义共和国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">等</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/940331-993852.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">华沙条约组织</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">国家。这番剧变以</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/3563519-3747610.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">苏联解体</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">告终,一般被认为标志着</span></span><a href="https://baike.so.com/doc/249160-263705.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none" lang="ZH-CN">冷战</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">的结束。日裔美籍历史学家福山写了本书名曰《历史的终结》,似乎认为:对于西方文明的最大威胁现已终结。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU10.jpg" width="250" height="331" alt="" />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU11.png" width="379" height="256" alt="" /></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; text-indent: 15.75pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:15.75pt;mso-char-indent-count:1.5"><em><span lang="ZH-CN" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">波苏战争时期的波兰海报。文字写道:</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">拿</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">苏东剧变各处民众推倒列宁雕像</span></em></p><div><em>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">起武器!拯救祖国!谨记我们将来的命运</span></em></div><div><em>&nbsp;</em></div><div><em>&nbsp;</em></div><div>&nbsp;<strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">五、东南亚共产党模仿中共模式落败</span></strong></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">二战结束以后,欧洲国家推行结束殖民主义运动。新近独立国家于是面临建立民主政权还是专制政权,推行自由资本主义还是权贵资本主义的问题,再加上经济的全球化、冷战的全球化,西方文明便驱向全球化:进攻的全球化和防御的全球化。为了遏制共产党新中国的输出革命,美英法三国在北朝、台湾、南越、泰国、马来亚、菲律宾或直接出动军队,或给予对方援助,其战略思想乃是基于&#8220;多米诺骨牌论&#8221;:一个国家防共骨牌倒了,就会连续推倒后面无数防共骨牌,最后推倒西方文明国家阵营。中共成功夺取全国政权、中国抗美援朝、援越抗美战争得胜、印支三国共党成功夺取全国政权,使西方文明在亚洲东部一度面临退潮厄运。但是,至</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">1980<span lang="ZH-CN">年代中期,由于共产中国&#8220;穷则思变,变则致富,富则通达,达则偃武&#8221;以及迫于长期受到国际社会孤立,改弦更张,不再饷械支援东南亚共产党武装斗争,后者便都放弃武装走出丛林回归社会了。本书讲述的就是他们回社会软着陆的故事。他们之所以能够软着陆,亦有赖于启蒙时代以后西方文明的理性主义、宽容主义的原则已被东南亚各国政府、社会接受,尽管接受程度有别&#8212;&#8212;&#8220;让自己活也让别人活&#8221;。先例:欧洲各国共党战后都曾放下武器,改走议会道路,得到政府、社会接受;美英两国都没虐待德日战俘。西方文明又在亚洲东部取得伟大胜利!东南亚各国社会佛教流行,佛教讲求慈悲为怀,想必也在某些场合起了好的作用。不过越南共产政府恶待华侨、 波尔布特政权滥杀同胞,却是两个极大反例,它们都是源于西方野蛮&#8212;&#8212;马学。</span></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU12.png" width="580" height="435" alt="" />&nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:24.0pt; line-height:18.0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;background:white" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:SimSun; color:red;mso-font-kerning:0pt" lang="ZH-CN"><br /></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:0pt"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">六、华盛顿体系取代雅尔塔体系管窥</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">在国际政治中,</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Great Power</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">的严格定义不是<a name="_Hlk6896423">地理的、人口的、经济的、文化的,</a>而排他性地是国际军事&#8594;国际政治的。几乎所有国人、专家、媒体(例如央视)、官家对此都会弄错,错误可笑程度不亚于将</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Chiang Kai-shek</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">误译为&#8220;常凯申&#8221;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">,<span lang="ZH-CN">将</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Siberia</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">&#8212;&#8212;鲜卑利亚&#8212;&#8212;误译为&#8220;西伯利亚&#8221;(俄人为始作俑者?)。英文表达却为远较中文清晰:</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Great Power</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">不同于</span></span><a name="_Hlk6896380"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun">Large country</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6896380"></span><a name="_Hlk6896388" style="width: 20px; height: 20px; text-indent: 20px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-image: url(&quot;/EditBackyard/CuteSoft_Client/CuteEditor/Load.ashx?type=image&amp;file=anchor.gif&quot;);"></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6896388"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">或者</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6896388"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Rich nation</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk6896388"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Power</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"> <span lang="ZH-CN">抽象,</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Country</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">、</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Nation</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">具体。希望语言学家能为中文发明一个相应于英文</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Great Power</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">的新词,它的中文反义词倒是现成&#8212;&#8212;奀(</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">en</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">平声)邦。古人有云:大曰邦</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">,<span lang="ZH-CN">小曰国</span>,<span lang="ZH-CN">邦之所居亦曰国;汉避高祖讳</span>,<span lang="ZH-CN">多以&#8220;国&#8221;易&#8220;邦&#8221;。既然如此,笔者认为,</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">Great Power</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">的中文表述应弃&#8220;大国&#8221;取&#8220;权邦&#8221;;&#8220;大国&#8221;此后降低身段,仅用于表述地理、人口、经济、文化方面的傲视同侪国家。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">第一个权邦当然是打败天下无敌手的国家,这个天下先是欧罗巴及其殖民地,后是整个世界。以后各相关国需要具有战胜一个先前权邦的纪录,才能被承认为&#8220;权邦&#8221;。西班牙、荷兰就不说了,法英美早在第一、第二次世界大战之后甚至之前就取得了权邦国际地位;俄苏则于拿破仑战争以及苏德战争后取得了权邦国际地位。因此。联合国安理会常任理事国就非中国、英国、法国、苏俄、美国五大国莫属。以色列在中东打败&#8220;天下&#8221;无敌手,但是对手当中无一先前权邦,所以它称不上权邦;德国、日本本为战败国,咋能成为安理会常任理事国呢?那不就颠覆了战后国际体系了?颠覆得靠战争,而非外交。第四节本文还会回到这个议题。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">只有权邦才有资格充当首级国际组织&#8212;&#8212;如欧洲协调的英奥俄普四国同盟、国际联盟理事会常任理事国、联合国安理会常任理事国&#8212;&#8212;的领导成员。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">如今西方文明对于东方文明的抵御踏入了一个崭新的阶段:美国计划废除雅尔塔国际体系,构建新的华盛顿国际体系(姑且先这样称)。笔者估计其类似如今联合国安理会常任理事国的角色,将由美国、英国、法国、俄国、日本(亚洲无论如何要有一个)五个国家担任,排除中国大陆。日本原是二战战败国,不具权邦资格,这该咋办?笔者推论,美国必将扶持日本在下一场亚洲地区军事冲突中代替美国出兵,在西方各国援助下,海陆空天连胜中国。特朗普访问日本登上日舰,授予日本</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">105<span lang="ZH-CN">架</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun">F</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">-35<span lang="ZH-CN">军机已属预兆。中国大陆极有可能会被打回清末民初原形。这将是世界重睹中国文明芳华的破灭,而且极可能是永久的破灭。遗恨变成破灭,何其惨也!至于德国,乃至意大利,留待它们有机会战胜俄国再说,或由欧盟代表。</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:115%"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">台湾必须续称&#8220;中华民国&#8221;,并且在美日军事打击中国大陆之时以至少</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">20<span lang="ZH-CN">万兵参战,达致台湾统一大陆,方可于战后恢复它联合国安理会常任理事国席位,或者成为华盛顿体系领导机构成员。国际政治先例:二战时期,法国戴高乐流亡政府以其五万正规军以及十万&#8220;内地军&#8221;加入盟军作战,且可自行解放巴黎。赖此,战后法国政府被接受为联合国安理会常任理事国。蔡英文女总统,你还盘算着台湾独立吗?有得选择,蕞尔奀国有啥值得追求?</span></span></span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2019/Jun/672019XU13.jpg" width="640" height="362" alt="" />&nbsp;</div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:115%" align="center"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-no-proof:yes"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;text-indent:21.0pt; line-height:115%" align="center"><em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%; font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">法国戴高乐流亡政府辖下一师整装待发</span></strong></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span 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