新疆“墨玉名单”发酵德政坛呼吁联合国调查

<p style="padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; background-color: #ffffff;">德国之声及媒体合作伙伴日前报导，北京任意迫害新疆维吾尔族人。人权捍卫者和政治人物现在呼吁德国和欧洲应对中国采取强硬策略。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 220px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/51705152_7.png" title="Karte China Xinjiang EN" alt="Karte China Xinjiang EN" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 220px; height: auto;" /><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">(德国之声中文网) 针对德国之声与媒体合作伙伴日前披露新疆“墨玉名单”，德国高级官员呼吁，联合国应该进行独立调查。德国政府全球宗教自由专员格吕贝尔（Markus Grübel）对此表示"非常关注"。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">这位基民盟人士对德国之声说：“我们不能接受中国政府对维吾尔人实行的强迫同化……人们因信仰而被拘留，孩子与父母分离。中国政府监控他们生活的所有面向。在这种情况下的生活没有人性。”</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">迄今为止，中国政府都拒绝联合国进入新疆调查。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%A9%9F%E5%AF%86%E5%90%8D%E5%96%AE%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%A9-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%86%8D%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%87%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%86%8D%E7%8F%BE%E5%BD%A2/a-52405969" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none;">延伸阅读: 新疆机密名单外泄中国再教育营系统“再”现形</a></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">这份德国之声及其他媒体合作伙伴得到的外泄名单如果属实，可以证明中国新疆“再教育营”随意关押少数民族维吾尔穆斯林。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">中国新疆和田区墨玉县成千上万维吾尔人因为这些原因被关押: 打电话给国外的亲戚或朋友、戴头巾、在斋戒月关闭餐馆。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">这份“墨玉名单”还详列出被广泛监控维吾尔被拘留者的信息，以及这些关押者数百名亲戚、邻居和朋友的个资。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">列表中总共显示了2千多笔含有姓名与其社交行为的资料。德国之声还发现，有许多关于工厂强迫劳动的相关资料。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; font-size: 17px;">2月13日，在泄露文件公开之前，德国外交部长马斯在柏林的联合新闻发布会上说，他已与中国外交部长王毅就维吾尔人的情况进行对谈，现在将焦点放在“透明度”。</span><br /><br /></p><div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">“我为人类感到羞耻”</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">德国穆斯林中央委员会主席马济耶克（Aiman Mazyek）表示，这些文件记录的是“21世纪的人权灾难”，也说中国似乎正在“再教育营”中打造“现代奴隶剥削机器” 。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">他告诉德国之声：“我为人类感到羞耻，而且我们，包括世界各地的穆斯林都太软弱，无法抵抗这些公然侵犯人权的行为。”</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">联邦议院绿党外交政策专家诺里普尔（Omid Nouripour）告诉德国之声，他希望看到“不仅来自德国政府，还包括所有欧洲人和所有关心人权的人的非常明确的表态”。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">到目前为止，中国政府一直觉得“他们可以按照自己的意愿去做，因为我们出于经济原因保持沉默。不能继续这样做。”</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; font-size: 17px;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/52389095_7.jpg" title="DW Investigativ Projekt: Uiguren Umerziehungslager in China !!!ACHTUNG SPERRFRIST 17.02.2020 (17.00 Uhr)!!! DE" alt="DW Investigativ Projekt: Uiguren Umerziehungslager in China !!!ACHTUNG SPERRFRIST 17.02.2020 (17.00 Uhr)!!! DE" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">“墨玉名单”中提到的四个营地中第二个营地的卫星图像。</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">联邦议院人权和人道主义援助委员会主席吉詹森（Gyde Jensen）也呼吁采取具体的政治行动。她说：“作为国际社会，我们有责任干预如此大规模侵犯人权的行为……因此，必须考虑欧盟一级的制裁。”</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">国际非政府组织受威胁人民协会主席德利乌斯（Ulrich Delius）也要求欧盟对中国采取惩罚措施。他说：“必须用旅行制裁防止那些应该对罪行负责的人过进入欧盟……德国公司必须审查他们在新疆的活动。”</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%90%B9%E5%93%A8%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%BB%E4%BD%95%E7%90%86%E7%94%B1%E5%B0%B1%E6%8A%93%E4%BA%BA/a-52407243" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none;">延伸阅读:维吾尔吹哨人：中国“没有任何理由就抓人”</a></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">企业抵制</span><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">?</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">西门子、巴斯夫和大众汽车等德国主要公司在新疆地区都有生产线。国际调查记者联合会在2019年11月24日披露了“中国电文”之后，大众汽车声称，该公司在乌鲁木齐拥有的工厂雇用650名员工，“没有任何员工是被迫劳动”。“墨玉名单”遭披露后，大众汽车告诉德国之声，立场和去年声明相同。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">西门子则回应不会因为这份名单重新评估新疆的生产。巴斯夫则未回应。这个化学公司在新疆第二大城市库尔勒与中国合作伙伴共同经营一家制造工厂。但巴斯夫在去年11月时曾表示，该公司“意识到新疆地区的社会问题”。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; font-size: 17px;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%A2%A8%E7%8E%89%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5-%E5%BE%B7%E6%94%BF%E5%9D%9B%E5%91%BC%E5%90%81%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5/a-52439975#" link="/overlay/image/article/52439975/51719469" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/51719469_401.jpg" title="Sacharow-Preis für geistige Freiheit 2019 Ilham Tohti (Reuters/V. Kessler)" alt="Sacharow-Preis für geistige Freiheit 2019 Ilham Tohti (Reuters/V. Kessler)" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">去年12月，菊尔在史特拉斯堡的欧洲议会举行的典礼上代表她被囚禁的人权活动家父亲伊力哈木接受了欧盟的萨哈罗夫奖。</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">德国之声采访了维吾尔族经济学家和人权活动家伊力哈木 (Ilham Tohti)的女儿菊尔(Jewher Ilham)。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">伊力哈木遭中国以“分离主义罪行”被判无期徒刑。他在2019年被授予欧洲议会萨哈罗夫奖。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">菊尔就“墨玉名单”谴责中国当局，她在日内瓦峰会的间告诉德国之声：“很多信息，我并不感到惊讶。当我第一次听到再教育营的消息时感到非常害怕。这次阅读这份泄漏名单让我当时那种恐惧感更加强烈。”</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">她说：“即使我从再教育营幸存者那里听到了大多数信息，也知道情况有多严重……但是令人震惊的是真正看到证据显示，仅仅因为某人的家庭成员在海外就被当作目标。这是悲惨又令人完全无法接受的。”</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; color: #000000;">“新疆有改善空间”</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">2月13日，中国外交部长王毅访问柏林时，被德国之声及其伙伴问及有关维吾尔族人的人权遭蓄意侵犯的相关报导，他说这些报道是［100％纯谎言”和“假新闻”。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">自从许多媒体18日披露“墨玉名单”以来，中国官媒《环球时报》就发表了一篇质疑名单真实性的文章。该文件援引一位匿名的中国反恐专家说，欧洲和美国的情报机构可能卷入了对维吾尔人的迫害并“炒作”事件。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">接着在推特上就有像是April2154、Shannon8766和Emily5527之类的账号以相同的措词依次传播该帖子，显示出账户是由机器人所操作。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">19日，该报的总编辑胡锡进在推特上写道，“新疆去激进化计画”有“改善空间”，似乎承认泄漏文件中所提到的再教育营。他说:“但是新疆已经实现了恢复和平与稳定的更大目标。这才是道德至极。”</p><div style="margin: 0px; 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width: 1px;"></div><p dir="ltr" style="padding: 0px; list-style: none; border: none; white-space: pre-wrap; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; direction: ltr;">No matter whether the document is real or not, I believe some details of the deradicalization program in Xinjiang can be discussed and there is room for improvement. But Xinjiang has realized the bigger goal of restoring peace and stability. This is the greatest morality. <a href="https://t.co/fLWZYw2wpR" rel="nofollow noopener" dir="ltr" data-expanded-url="https://twitter.com/CNN/status/1229438716638310406" target="_blank" title="https://twitter.com/CNN/status/1229438716638310406" data-tweet-id="1229438716638310406" data-tweet-item-type="23" data-scribe="element:url" style=" color: #2b7bb9; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;"><span style="position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px) !important;">https://</span>twitter.com/CNN/status/122<span style="position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px) !important;">9438716638310406 </span>…</a></p><div style="margin-top: 10.4px; font-size: 14px;"><div tabindex="0" data-scribe="section:quote" style="border: 1px solid #e1e8ed; border-radius: 4px;"><a data-tweet-id="1229438716638310406" data-tweet-item-type="23" href="https://twitter.com/CNN/status/1229438716638310406" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style=" color: #1c2022; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;"><div style="margin: 10px;"><div data-scribe="component:author" style="display: flex; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-direction: normal; flex-direction: column; overflow: hidden;"><div style="display: flex; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; flex-direction: row; line-height: 1.2; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; min-width: 0px;"><span style="display: flex; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; min-width: 0px; width: auto; flex-shrink: 0; max-width: 100%;"><span title="CNN" data-scribe="element:name" style="font-weight: 700; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 4px;">CNN</span><span data-scribe="element:verified_badge" style="position: static; -webkit-box-flex: 0; 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overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px) !important;"></span></span></span><span title="@CNN" data-scribe="element:screen_name" dir="ltr" style="color: #697882; font-size: 14px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; flex-shrink: 1;">@CNN</span></div></div><div></div><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 4px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; border: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Newly leaked Chinese records have revealed for the first time the system by which hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs have been monitored and detained in heavily fortified internment centers across Xinjiang. <span style="position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px) !important;">https://</span>cnn.it/2UU8blE </p></div></a></div></div><div style="display: flex; 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display: inline;"><div aria-label="View on Twitter" title="View on Twitter" role="img" style="height: 1.25em; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: contain; vertical-align: text-bottom; width: 1.25em; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%2024%22%3E%3Cpath%20class%3D%22icon%22%20fill%3D%22%23697882%22%20d%3D%22M17.207%2011.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414%200s-.39%201.023%200%201.414L15.086%2012l-6.793%206.793c-.39.39-.39%201.023%200%201.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023%200-1.414z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E"); transform: scaleX(1);"></div></div></a></div></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; z-index: -1; visibility: hidden;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; z-index: -1; visibility: hidden;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; transition: all 0s ease 0s; width: 560px; height: 402px;"></div></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; z-index: -1; visibility: hidden;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; transition: all 0s ease 0s; width: 1100px; height: 783.551px;"></div></div></div></div></twitter-widget></div></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">据估计，有超过百万人在违反他们意愿的情况下被关押在新疆的“再教育营”，并在思想上对其进行了“再教育”。但是，中国领导人将此类地点描述为自愿教育措施，以打击“极端主义思想”。许多人将这种开端指向过去在新疆发生的暴力事件。2009年，在乌鲁木齐针对汉族的暴力抗议活动中，至少有140人丧生。此外，2014年，一个市场上的自杀式袭击事件也造成许多人丧生。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; font-size: 17px;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%A2%A8%E7%8E%89%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5-%E5%BE%B7%E6%94%BF%E5%9D%9B%E5%91%BC%E5%90%81%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5/a-52439975#" link="/overlay/image/article/52439975/52381834" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/52381834_401.jpg" title="DW Investigativ Projekt: Uiguren Umerziehungslager in China ACHTUNG SPERRFRIST 17.02.2020/17.00 Uhr MEZ (AFP/G. Baker)" alt="DW Investigativ Projekt: Uiguren Umerziehungslager in China ACHTUNG SPERRFRIST 17.02.2020/17.00 Uhr MEZ (AFP/G. Baker)" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">中国新疆和田附近的“再教育营”。这个位于中国所谓的“职业技能教育培训中心”有瞭望塔、高墙，围栏和铁丝网。</p></div> </div></div></div>