<div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2020/Mar/320202020-1.jpg" width="650" height="365" alt="" /></div><div><span style="color: #768492; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">哈佛大学学生陆续搬离宿舍。图为哈佛大学一座地标雕塑，疫情之下有人为它也戴上了口罩。（2020年3月14日）</span></div><div> </div><div><span style="box-sizing: inherit; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">华盛顿 — </span><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">3月1日，在美国俄亥俄州读大学的卫卫戴着口罩和护目镜登上了从北京飞往阿联酋阿布扎比的飞机。他要在那里至少停留14天，以绕开白宫针对来自中国旅客的入境限令。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">在康奈尔大学法学院就读的小潘过去一周也很烦恼。康奈尔3月13日通知学生，为应对新冠疫情，校园将在几天后关闭。她说：“一开始的通知是校园和图书馆不会关，（后来）突然一下说要关，” 正在写论文的小潘不得不在两天之内将所有需要的书籍借出，这让她觉得措手不及。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">疫情每天都在变化。美国自1月21日发现第一个新冠病例后，目前已有逾一万人确诊感染。1月底，<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-nonimmigrants-persons-pose-risk-transmitting-2019-novel-coronavirus/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; text-decoration-line: none; color: #28537d; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; padding-bottom: 0.05em; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaec;">白宫宣布</a>将禁止过去14天里到过中国的外国人进入美国。3月13日，美国总统特朗普宣布国家进入紧急状态。旧金山、洛杉矶等人口密集的城市纷纷出台措施限制民众出行。许多学校也改为网络授课。3月18日，<a href="https://www.voachinese.com/a/visa-virus-country-department-20200318/5335062.html" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; text-decoration-line: none; color: #28537d; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; padding-bottom: 0.05em; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaec;">美国国务院宣布</a>将暂停对全球大多数国家的常规签证服务。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">疫情中的美国成了一个巨大“围城”：一方面，有些被迫搬出宿舍的学生在考虑回到中国去；而另一方面，出于对学业和签证的担忧，一些被白宫的旅行禁令拦在美国之外的学生正试图以各种方式入境。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">担忧、困惑、被迫搬家</strong></p><div style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 24px 32px 0px; padding: 0px; clear: left; width: 259.902px; float: left; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><figure style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 0px;"><img alt="美国哈佛大学的学生接到校方要求他们在春假后不要返校的通知后准备搬出学生宿舍。（2020年3月10日）" src="https://gdb.voanews.com/DBCF026A-2090-45A8-9593-4C7FB0158405_w250_r0_s.jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; width: 259.902px; cursor: pointer;" /></div></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #768492; font-size: 14px; padding-top: 8px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px;">美国哈佛大学的学生接到校方要求他们在春假后不要返校的通知后准备搬出学生宿舍。（2020年3月10日）</span></figcaption></figure></div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">在过去两周里，美国至少有几十所学校宣布改为网络授课，其中哈佛、麻省理工、康奈尔、杜克、宾夕法尼亚大学等学校要求学生搬出宿舍。适逢春假和期中考试，学校突如其来的决定给许多学生带来了麻烦。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">康奈尔的小潘原本就住在校外的公寓，暂时无需搬家。杜克大学的本科生Zoe就没那么幸运了，和杜克大学大部分本科生一样，Zoe住在学校提供的宿舍里。杜克位于北卡州的小城市达勒姆，公寓和民宿的选择较少，学校要求所有人限时搬出宿舍给Zoe和同学们出了难题。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">虽然起初学校表示允许学生提出留宿申请，但许多人的申请遭到了拒绝，包括来自中国、韩国和意大利等疫情较严重国家的学生。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">在找房的过程中，Zoe并未得到学校的帮助，最让她感到不满的是学校在沟通中的不透明。“学校并没有给出拒绝的原因，” Zoe说，在学生和家长的紧急交涉下，一些此前申请遭拒的同学被允许留在宿舍里，“但这也是暂时的”。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">相似的故事也发生在宾夕法尼亚大学的校园里。一名不愿透露姓名的中国研究生说，他的留校申请遭到学校拒绝。学校在回信中写道：“在国际上鼓励‘社交疏离’的建议之下，批准所有的申请是不现实的，从医学角度而言也是不明智的。”</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">在他看来，学校的措辞显得过于不近人情。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">“学校在逃避责任”</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">这位宾大学生认为，学校突然决定封校有“甩锅”的嫌疑。“这就是在逃避责任，” 他说，“现在费城已经有病例了，怎么能这样把学生赶走呢？” 根据校方的<a href="https://coronavirus.upenn.edu/content/announcement-archive" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; text-decoration-line: none; color: #28537d; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; padding-bottom: 0.05em; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaec;">公示</a>，宾大目前有3名本科生确诊感染新冠。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">“这样对国际生和本地学生都不公平，特别是国际生，” 他说，“毕竟我们基本都是交了全款学费和住宿费的，学校退钱吗？”</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">目前<a href="https://www.iie.org/Why-IIE/Announcements/2019/11/Number-of-International-Students-in-the-United-States-Hits-All-Time-High" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; text-decoration-line: none; color: #28537d; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; padding-bottom: 0.05em; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaec;">有超过100万国际生</a>在美国学习，其中约35万人来自中国。根据美国商务部的<a href="https://www.iie.org/Why-IIE/Announcements/2019/11/Number-of-International-Students-in-the-United-States-Hits-All-Time-High" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; text-decoration-line: none; color: #28537d; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; padding-bottom: 0.05em; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaec;">估计</a>，国际学生对美国经济整体的贡献超过400亿美元。而疫情之下，受签证身份制约的国际生成了高校中的弱势群体。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">“不让我们住宿舍，学校不管租房，已经交了的宿舍费也不退，” 这位宾大学生说：“是在强迫我们回国吗？路上如果感染，学校负责吗？”</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">这也是许多中国留学生的诘问。针对哈佛大学关闭校园的决定，哈佛法学院博士生周丹说，疫情突如其来，可以理解学校没有既定的完善措施，但是“在波士顿有病例的情况下，放学生回到全美国、全世界各地，学校是有些不负责任的，” 周丹说。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">哈佛本科和法学院的学生上星期都收到了离校通知。在法学院学生与院方沟通后，院方宣布不强制要求任何国际生或找不到住所的学生搬出宿舍。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">哈佛本科生院和宾夕法尼亚大学尚未回复记者要求置评的邮件。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">也有美国学校在为国际生的签证问题与政府沟通。康奈尔大学对记者表示，正与移民局进行密切联络，保证国际生签证的疑问能够得到第一时间解答。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">一些学校敦促美国移民局放宽相关要求，允许学生上网课的同时保留有效的F-1学生签证。东北大学校长约瑟夫·E·奥恩（Joseph E Aoun）在写给给美国国土安全部代理部长查德·沃尔夫的<a href="http://www.northeastern.edu/president/2020/03/06/president-aouns-letter-to-the-u-s-department-of-homeland-security-on-f-1-visas/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; text-decoration-line: none; color: #28537d; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; padding-bottom: 0.05em; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaec;">公开信中呼吁</a>，面对史无前例的公共卫生危机，应保障学生可以在不担心签证的情况下追求自己的梦想。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">美国国土安全部是移民局的主管部门。根据多所学校的提供的信息，目前移民局已暂时允许持F-1签证的同学参与网络授课并保持合法状态。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">为了学业和工签：到第三国“洗白”</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">在华盛顿DC读计算机科学研究生的Haoqiang则面临另一个难题：他必须尽快想办法从中国回到美国完成学业，否则他可能失去毕业后在美国合法工作的资格。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">这是Haoqiang的最后一个学期。想要留在美国工作，他必须向移民局申请OPT（Optional Practical Training），即美国政府为国际生提供的短期工作许可，根据所学专业最长期限为三年，学生在申请OPT的前一年必须全职在校就读。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">对于许多和Haoqiang一样被白宫一道禁令拦在门外的留学生而言，身份和签证问题成了他们最担心的事情。有些留学生选择取道第三国绕开美国的禁令。按照现行的规则，只要在中国、欧洲等受限的地方以外停留14天，就有了合法入境美国的资格。持有加拿大旅游签证的Haoqiang选择到多伦多去。3月6日，Haoqiang在多伦多的美国大使馆面签，目前签证还在行政审查。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">原定今年夏天毕业的Haoqiang这个时候本应专注于找工作，而疫情打乱了他的计划。“我也不知道自己什么时候能回到美国，所以也暂时没有开始投简历，” Haoqiang说，“我考虑的第一件事情就是先回到美国，完成毕业。”</p><div style="box-sizing: inherit; 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width: 1px;"></div><p dir="ltr" style="padding: 0px; list-style: none; border: none; white-space: pre-wrap; cursor: text; overflow-wrap: break-word; direction: ltr;">中国留学生Haoqiang在美国首都华盛顿的一所大学攻读计算机科学研究生，新冠疫情爆发时他正在中国过寒假，现在他面临一个难题：他必须想办法绕开白宫的旅行禁令回到美国，否则可能失去毕业后在美工作的许可。疫情之下，还有许多留学生陷入进退两难的境地：<a href="https://t.co/Ducphfj4pX" rel="nofollow noopener" dir="ltr" data-expanded-url="https://www.voachinese.com/a/chinese-students-in-america-face-increasing-uncertainties-as-coronavirus-spreads/5335742.html" target="_blank" title="https://www.voachinese.com/a/chinese-students-in-america-face-increasing-uncertainties-as-coronavirus-spreads/5335742.html" data-scribe="element:url" style=" color: #2b7bb9; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;"><span style="position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px) !important;">https://www.</span>voachinese.com/a/chinese-stud<span style="position: absolute !important; 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left: 0px; top: 0px; transition: all 0s ease 0s; width: 510px; height: 738px;"></div></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; z-index: -1; visibility: hidden;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; transition: all 0s ease 0s; width: 1000px; height: 1454.96px;"></div></div></div></div></twitter-widget></div></div></div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">对于没有第三国签证的人，泰国和阿联酋等对中国护照提供落地签或免签的国家成了留学生的首选。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">在俄亥俄州读大四的卫卫选择了阿联酋的阿布扎比。他3月2日到达阿联酋，停留14天后，17日登机飞往芝加哥，避开了白宫针对来自中国旅客的入境限令。在华人论坛和微信群里抱团取暖的留学生把这称为“洗白”。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">而仅仅两天后，阿联酋就暂停了所有免签和落地签政策。泰国也已暂停针对中国的落地签政策。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">随着各国疫情不断变化，迪拜、阿布扎比、多伦多等地的美国使领馆都陆续传来签证预约被突然取消的消息。此外，记者采访了解到，在阿联酋有中国学生在持有效护照和签证并且没有生病的情况下，遭美国方面拒绝其登机。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">目前美国国务院已<a href="https://www.voachinese.com/a/visa-virus-country-department-20200318/5335062.html" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; text-decoration-line: none; color: #28537d; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-word; padding-bottom: 0.05em; border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaec;">正式暂停</a>全球大多数国家的常规签证服务。美国务院发言人说：“使领馆将尽快恢复正常的签证服务，但目前无法提供具体日期。”同时，中国针对“境外输入”病例的防控措施愈发严格，回中国的机票也越来越难买。一些取道第三国却未能得偿所愿的留学生陷入进退维谷的境地。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">而作为最后一批取道阿联酋成功“洗白”的幸运儿，卫卫的烦恼也远没有结束。在得知他来自中国后，他通过Airbnb预定的临时公寓取消了他的预约。现在他需要立刻找到新的住处，完成最后一学期的学业，并开始申请工作许可。</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">“哥回来了，” 卫卫在回到美国后发的第一条朋友圈里说，“现在搞OPT还来不来得及？”</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; color: #222f3a; font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;">（应受访者要求，文中的卫卫为化名。）</p> </div>