论庚子赔款

<div></div><div> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><a name="OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">目前这场世纪大瘟疫,给全世界带来了巨大的災难。世界各国向这场瘟疫的罪魁中共索赔的浪潮,渐成排山倒海之势。庚子年向中国索赔,自然使人联想起两个甲子之前的「庚子赔款」。目前在国人的时事评论中,常常提及庚子赔款,但是谬误百出。就连我相当推崇的、以谈古论今著称的文昭先生,谈到庚子赔款时也有错误。本人以前写过一篇长文「八国联军乃正义之师」,其中详尽论及庚子赔款。现在把该文有关庚子赔款的一些片段摘录如下,以正视听。</span></a></em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Arial Unicode MS&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">不少国人对《辛丑条约》规定的四亿五千万两白银赔款不能释怀。二十世纪初,战争赔款首先是对战胜国军费的补偿。战争的开支浩繁,尤其是海外作战。庚子战争,清廷向十一国宣战,与八国联军作战,各国的军费加起来自然是一个大数目。而且庚子赔款并不限于军费赔偿。在庚子之乱血腥、恐怖的灭洋、灭教中,各国的驻华使舘被毁,千百座教堂被夷为平地,外国银行被焚烧,外国企业被踏平,洋人的资产被洗劫。中华大地上这场&#8220;灭洋&#8221;的浩劫,外国政府、教会和侨民的财产損失以亿万计。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">中国有一个广泛流传的说法:庚子赔款四亿五千万两</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">白银</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">,是要每个中国人负担一两,以此惩罚、羞辱所有的中国人。这是无稽之谈。赔款的银两数和当时中国的人口接近,仅是巧合。&#8220;各国公款、私亏按和约大纲第六条向中国取偿清单&#8230;&#8230;约共银四万万二千六百七十二万两。又以上各数,系截至西三月底止,自此以后,每月加费约一千三百馀万两(&#8220;每月加费&#8221;并非利息,而是八国联军的军費</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&#8212;&#8212;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">引者注)。倘删除零数,则截至西七月一号为止,当约合四万万五千万两左右之数。&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">中国有一个流传甚广的说法,说清政府的财政收入每年只有数千万两白银,庚子赔款的四亿五千万两白银,相当于清政府多少年的财政收入。具体而言,蛊惑人心者以乾隆年间的财政收入为例,称乾隆年间是中国最富足的时代,清政府的财政收入每年不过两三千万两白银。由此可见,庚子赔款&#8220;留给赔款者的是深重的民族苦难&#8221;。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">以乾隆年间清政府的财政收入,来论证一百多年后庚子赔款的不堪重负,是一种蓄意的欺骗。&#8220;据上海师范大学教授周育民在《</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1840</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&#8212;&#8212;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1849</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年的清朝财政》中的数据统计来看,</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1840</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年时,清政府财政收入为</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">3<strong>.</strong>9</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿两银子;到了</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1843</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年鸦片战争结束时,竟然到达了</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">4<strong>.</strong>2</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿多两白银的财政收入,是乾隆时期的国库收入</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">10</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">倍!</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">这样的高税收,一直到清朝最后几年依旧如此。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1908</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年,清朝财政收入为</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">2<strong>.</strong>3</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿,</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1909</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年是</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">2<strong>.</strong>63</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿;直到清帝退位的前一年,</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1911</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年时,清朝的财政收入都有</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">3</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿两白银。&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">(晚清时期,海关征收的外国商品进口税&#8220;几乎占了清政府财政收入的三分之一&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">)</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">庚子赔款的四亿五千万两白银,不过相当于清政府一、二年的税收(而且还款期长达</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">39</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年)。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">清政府的税收高吗?民众的税务负担重吗?平心而论,清政府的税收以现代国家的标准衡量低得惊人。四亿五千万国民,平均每人每年的税务负担不到一两银子!怪不得在《辛丑条约》的谈判过程中,</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">清廷会办商务大臣盛宣怀提醒议和大臣奕劻、李鸿章,在与列强讨论赔款问题时,切不可言中国当量力而行;&#8220;若只云量力,彼谓用西人西法,力必有余,恐其侵我财政&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">庚子之乱这场&#8220;千古未有之奇祸&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">对西方各国和基督</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">教会</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">造成的巨大损害,清政府并非心中无数。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">清廷的决策中枢&#8220;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">军机处&#8221;致电在北京的议和代表称:&#8220;赔款各款,势不能轻&#8221;;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">李鸿章&#8220;对于列強提出之赔款总额,本来预料当系二十万万马克&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">(相当于</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">6.55</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿两白银)。根据(忠心耿耿为中国服务的)总税务司赫德的估算,&#8220;中国对外赔款&#8216;连借款利息计算在内,共需十数万万&#8217;&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。但是正如前文指出的,西方各国在善后谈判中主要关注的并非经济赔偿;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">湖广总督张之洞(亦为清</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">廷</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">政务处参预大臣)洞见于此,致电军机处,就列强的动机分析说:&#8220;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">各国皆非图利而来</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。当代历史学家马勇指出:就赔款而言,西方国家&#8220;并没有拿其它的损失之外的&#8230;&#8230;《辛丑条约》谈判结束以后,清政府就感觉到,清政府就觉得远远低于它们原来的估计,清政府当时估计,因为打的损失那么大,会让中国可能赔很多</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8221;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">四亿五千万两白银的赔款是重还是轻?不比不知道。第一次世界大战中,保加利亚与德国结盟。战败之后,保加利亚与协约国于</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1919</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年签订了《纳依条约》。保加利亚除被迫割让土地给<span class="table002">罗马尼亚、</span>南斯拉夫和希腊之外,并须赔款四亿四千五百万美元</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。保加利亚乃东欧一蕞尔小国,而它的战争赔款额高于庚子赔款(《辛丑条约》第六款列明&#8220;海关银一两,即德国三马克零五五&#8230;&#8230;即美国元零七四二&#8230;&#8230;即英国三先令&#8221;;庚子赔款折合美元为三亿三百三十万,折合英镑六千七百五十万)。根据</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1919</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年签订的《凡尔赛条约》,战败国德国除丧失大量的土地、人口和工业、矿产资源外,須赔款</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">113</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿英镑,且要以黄金支付</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn11" href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。此赔款是庚子赔款的一百六十七倍;若以国民人均负担计算,则为一千二<span class="shorttext">百</span>五十五倍(</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1919</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年德国人口约为六千万)。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">庚子赔款不仅赔洋人,而且赔华人。赔款的对象列明在《辛丑条约》第六款,是&#8220;各国、各会、各人及中国人民&#8221;。庚子赔款用来赔偿中国人民之损失</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">,当代中国人</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">可能</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:black; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">闻所未闻</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">但是</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">它不但清清楚楚列明在《辛丑条约》及《各国索赔章程》之内,而且实实在在付诸于西方国家的行动之中。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">庚子赔款确有一部分支付给中国遇害教民的遗属,作为抚恤金</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color:black" lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">庚子之乱是近代史上罕见的浩劫,仅直隶(河北)一省,据总督李鸿章奏称:&#8220;合计通省杀害教民多至数万丁口,所毁房屋多至数十万间&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn13" href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。如果要求彻底赔偿,庚子赔款的三亿三千多万美元,就是光赔中国的基督徒都不够!</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:-5.65pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;为了解决中国的对外赔款问题,列强驻华公使组织了英、德、比、荷四国组成的&#8216;赔款委员会&#8217;,专门负责研究有关赔款的标准、范围,确定中国对各国政府、社团及个人的赔偿原则。随后又成立了美、德、法、日四国组成的&#8216;中国财政资源调查委员会&#8217;,调查中国的实际财政情况与赔偿能力。&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn14" href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">美国为减少赔款额、减轻中国的还款负担,作了不懈的外交努力(后文有进一步说明)。各国通过协商,经过对损失的细致调查和对中国还款能力的评估,达成了共识:&#8220;既要中国就战争实际花费和损失进行赔偿,又不能超出中国实际支付能力,更不能过度透支这一国家的财政力量</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="ZH-TW">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">要保证中国经济还能正常运转,中国能够支付的赔偿总额不得超过</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:-5.65pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">4.5</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">亿两。至于各国如何分配,当然只能参照各国实际损失和实际军费支出。&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn15" href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:-5.65pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">英、德、比、荷驻华公使组成的赔款委员会擬订的《各國索賠章程》全文如下。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">一、失毁物产,果系因去夏拳匪所致者,始可索赔。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"><br /> <br /> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">二、索赔之款,计有三种:一为各国赔款;二为各行及各西人赔款;三为华人曾经西人雇用者之赔款。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"><br /> <br /> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">三、所有失毁物产,应开列详细章程,以便索赔。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"><br /> <br /> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">四、索赔清单,须交呈其本国公使,如事关各国者,则交呈资格最深之公使。各公使既将交呈索赔清单验过,如一切悉按此次定章开列,即送交中国政府索赔,不再另列细单。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break" /> <br style="mso-special-character:line-break" /> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">五、各物理合索赔者,均须照实价开列。应赔之款,亦许给息。平民以五厘,商家则以七厘行息。息钱未付之前,不得以息生息。至被毁之物,能与以下所列第七款章程相同者,始可给息。息即自被毁之日起算。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"><br /> <br /> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">六、如各行各西人经带兵官饬令将其所属之货物供给军营以为保守之需者,则其所属之国或兵官必有字据承认,不向中国索赔。被毁物产,须有实证:即按照其本国国律开单,交呈其所属之公使验明,并无可疑之处,始代向中国政府索赔。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">七、被毁之物,须将未乱前本有此物之实据,交呈其所属之公使照验。如该公使以为毫无疑窦,即能向中国政府索赔。失主所业何事,以及其平时进款若干,其所失之物亦可按之估价。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"><br /> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">八、应赔之款,俱照关平估出。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">九、无论何国何人,俱当按照以上所列各章开单,方能索赔。</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn16" href="#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">该章程确立了公正的索赔原则和严格的索赔手续。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">庚子赔款是在&#8220;不能超出中国实际支付能力&#8221;、&#8220;保证中国经济还能正常运转&#8221;的前提下计算出來的;因此西方各国不能损失多少,得偿多少,而只能按比例获得赔偿。多数国家的原始索赔金额,远高于它们得到的实际赔款。比如德国政府原索赔七亿五千万两白银;俄国光为被破坏的滿洲铁路就索赔一亿;法国光为云南边界的损失就索赔一亿四千万</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn17" href="#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。单就庚子赔款而言,西方各国得不偿失。八国联军统帅瓦德西(</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">von Waldersee</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">)在给德国皇帝的报告中抱怨说:&#8220;全部的战争赔偿,恐怕我们永远也得不到&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" href="#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。因此之故,<span class="shorttext">各国</span>寄希望于&#8220;合理的赔偿部分可以通过已经增加的保证外国的权利和豁免权的安全來实现;更为重要的是,通过中国向全世界开放平等通商來实现&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn19" href="#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">&#8230;&#8230;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">国人被长期灌输帝国主义侵略穷兇极恶、西方列强榨取敲骨吸髓,但是谎言<span class="shorttext">在事实面前是苍白无力的</span>。在《辛丑条约》关于战争赔款的谈判中,西方国家不仅沒有借机敲诈之意,倒是不无关怀同情之心。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:-14.2pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">美国在华专员罗克西尔(</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">W. Rockhill</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">)其时写信给美国国务卿约翰&#183;海,汇报谈判的情况:&#8220;我们的目标是,在谈判中运用我们政府的影响,影响跟我们一起谈判的国家(在华列强),本着对中国平等的友谊,追求公正与合理&#8230;&#8230;关于谈判的第三点,即各国就他们在中国的损失和花费、输送远征军到中国解救围困、保护在京外国住民和恢复秩序以及赔偿社团、公司和个人在暴乱中的损失,美国政府主张这些赔偿总数不应超出一个合理的范围,应当在中国支付能力之内&#8221;(这是美国政府内部的机密文件,不是对外发表的宣言,不存在溢美之辞)。当六千七百五十万英镑(即四亿五千万两白银)的赔款额基本确定之后,列强之中只有美国反对;美国主张将此数额至少减少三分之一。美国对中国利益的竭力维护,引起联军统帅瓦德西的不满,他发牢骚说:&#8220;看来美国不想使任何人从中国得到任何东西&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn20" href="#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">英国人的态度呢?</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">《西巡迴鑾始末》(卷四)记述了庚子战后英国议会讨论中国问题的一些片断。在上议院全体会议上,斯宾塞伯爵询问英国外务大臣兰斯唐关于庚子赔款的数额及其付款安排;他建议通过付款安排,支持中国的改革派:&#8220;各省督抚于此次之乱,亦有弹压百姓,不使闹教,而令属地安静如恒者,其间尤以东南各督抚办理为最善。闻该督抚中明达者颇有数人,有欲在本省举行新政之说。究竟实有此事否?果有之,各国能赞助之,以免被阻于顽固政府否?其能举办新政之督抚,不应强其亦出赔款,应即以此为助其行新政之用。&#8221;连(部分)战争赔款都不要了;上议员建议用此款支持各省督抚中的改革派,让他们用被赦免的战争赔款推行新政。这种对中国新政的期盼和支持,在西方国家中是有代表性的。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">另一次,在英国上议院全体会议上,斯宾塞伯爵质询英国外务大臣兰斯唐关于庚子赔款的数额:&#8220;赔款一事目下进步如何?盖因此事非泛泛可比,而与中国关涉尤巨。如各国索赔过巨,中国无力以偿,则中国政府受害实非浅鲜&#8230;&#8230;故筹款一节,更须谨慎从事,切不可令中国一蹶不振也。各国现欲中国筹款赔偿,亦尝计及其政府暨各省常年经费足用否?&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn21" href="#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">如果有人对英国上议员(对庚子赔款可能导致中国政府经费不足)的忧虑感到惊异不止,对下面的史实或许会感到更加不可思议:为了减轻中国的还款负担,在《辛丑条约》的谈判中,西方国家谈判代表竟然让中国海关提高进口税;这等于把部分还款负担转嫁到它们自己身上。中国谈判代表徐寿明当即表示:&#8220;洋货肯允加税,深感各位美意&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn22" href="#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。西方国家的美意最后落实到了《辛丑条约》第六款;提高洋货的进口税通过三个方面实施。一是整体提高进口稅率;二是以前免税的货物,今后要课税(除&#8220;米及各杂色粮面&#8221;等少数货品外);三是&#8220;现在照估价抽收进口各税,凡能改者皆当急速改为按件抽税&#8221;。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="yiv4874362323"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica; color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext;background:white" lang="ZH-CN">西方国家对中国态度的温和,让</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">联军统帅</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="yiv4874362323"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:Helvetica;mso-hansi-font-family: Helvetica;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext; background:white" lang="ZH-CN">瓦德西一度</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext; background:white" lang="ZH-CN">相当不悦:&#8220;其间最令人悲叹者,即各国与华人周旋,何等温柔软弱。各国对于所有残忍屠杀教徒牧师,直至最近犹复发现于山陕境内之事,所有摧毁各处教堂及牧师宅所之事,所有侮辱墳墓之事,所有自古未闻围攻使舘两月之事,均已似乎忘去。&#8221;</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn23" href="#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif; color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext;background:white" lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;color:black;background:white;mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="background:white" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:&quot;Helvetica&quot;,sans-serif; background:white" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">中国人的仇外宣传,只谈庚子赔款,而回避西方国家以后纷纷退还赔款的史实。首倡义举的是美国;以后,英、法、意、比、荷等国也竞相效仿,將退款用来资助中国的教育文化、科学研究、保健服务及其它迫切需要的领域</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn24" href="#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。实际上所有被赔款的国家以后都退还了部分款项;其中英国退回赔款额的</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">40%</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">,比利时</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">50%</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">,俄国</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">20%</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">,荷兰</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">20%</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">,意大利</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">15%</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。中国最后只偿付了庚子赔款的</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">58%</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">。</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn25" href="#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">上面列出的各国退回赔款的百分比,没有提到美国。美国退回了多少庚子赔款呢?百分之一百!美国获赔款</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">2444</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">万;从</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1909</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">年</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">月起,它將已经支付的</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">1366</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">万全数退还中国,由中外合组的基金会管理,以保证退款的合理使用。&#8220;庚款退得最彻底的是美国人,它真的就是一分钱没要&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn26" href="#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="ZH-TW">。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">美国用部分庚子赔款创立了清华学堂,先后送出的留美学生高达一千多人。其它国家也效仿美国,用退还的庚款培养中国留学生,这导致中国出现了大规模的西方留学潮,对中国的现代化影响极为深远。中华民国的(早期)中央研究院院士、中华人民共和国的(早期)科学院院士,大部分都是庚款留学生。</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">庚子战后,光绪帝在《罪己诏》中坦言:&#8220;今兹议约,不侵我主权,不割我土地,念列邦之见谅,疾愚暴之无知,事后追思,惭愤交集。&#8221;</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn27" href="#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">这说的是实话,道的是真情。中国的最高统治者在全国臣民面前,对列强的見谅表达了衷心的感激。君不见,这种对政府和民众愚暴无知的惭愤、对列邦宽宏大量的感激,今日在国人之中不仅消失殆尽,而且不是已经转化为国人对西方国家的满腹怨毒、对八国联军的肆意诬蔑吗?</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="EN-CA"></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family: SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN" lang="ZH-CN">(说明:此文是从我的一篇长文《八国联军乃正义之师》中节选出来的。与原文相比,这些节选出来的段落次序有颠倒,文字有删节,故在一些段落之间有省略号(&#8230;&#8230;),以示它们并不连贯)</span></span></em><span style="mso-bookmark:OLE_LINK1"></span><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"></span></p> <div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><br clear="all" /> <hr width="33%" size="1" align="left" /> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">佚名</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《西巡迴鑾始末》卷四</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">腾讯新闻</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;为何晚清的财政收入,是康乾盛世时的</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">10</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">倍,却还是迅速垮台了</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">?</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">【文史】&#8220;晚清海关</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA">: </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">廉政竟靠洋人来办&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">马勇</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;由内政而外交</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">重评义和团战争的一个视角&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">杨典诰</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《庚子大事记》</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">瓦德西</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">1901</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">年</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">1</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">月</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">3</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">日给德国皇帝的报告</span></span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">王开玺</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;&#8216;量中华之物力</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">,</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">结与国之欢心&#8217;,不是卖国,是减损&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">王开玺</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;&#8216;量中华之物力</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">,</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">结与国之欢心&#8217;新</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">解</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">马勇</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;知识分子要引导人民容忍渐进变革&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《百度百科》&#8220;纳依条约&#8221;条目</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn11" href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《维基百科》&#8220;凡尔赛条约&#8221;条目</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《庚子见闻录》,《近代史资料》</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn13" href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">侯宜杰</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《神拳义和团的真面目》</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn14" href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">王开玺</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;&#8216;量中华之物力</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">,</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">结与国之欢心&#8217;,不是卖国,是减损&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn15" href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">马勇</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;由内政而外交</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">重评义和团战争的一个视角&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn16" href="#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW" lang="ZH-TW">佚名</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun; mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="ZH-TW">《西巡迴鑾始末》卷四</span><span style="mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn17" href="#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">佐原笃介、沤隐 辑</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">《拳乱纪闻》</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn18"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn18" href="#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span lang="EN-CA">Peter Fleming:</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《</span><span lang="EN-CA">The Siege at Peking</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">》</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">(<span class="shorttext">围</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" lang="ZH-TW">城北京</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">)</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn19"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn19" href="#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">马勇</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">&#8220;由内政而外交</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">重评义和团战争的一个视角&#8221;</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn20"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn20" href="#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-CA"> Peter Fleming:</span><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《</span><span lang="EN-CA">The Siege at Peking</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">》(围城北京)</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn21"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn21" href="#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">佚名</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《西巡迴鑾始末》卷四</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn22"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn22" href="#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">佚名</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《西巡迴鑾始末》卷五</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn23"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn23" href="#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">瓦德西</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">1900</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">12</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">月</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-CA">9</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="ZH-CN">日给德国皇帝的报告</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn24"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn24" href="#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-CA"> Peter Fleming:</span><span style="font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《</span><span lang="EN-CA">The Siege at Peking</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">》(围城北京)</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn25"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn25" href="#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《百度百科》&#8220;庚子赔款&#8221;条目</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn26"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn26" href="#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">张鸣</span><span lang="EN-CA">:</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">《义和团运动</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" lang="EN-CA"> (</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">续</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" lang="EN-CA">)</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">》</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn27"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn27" href="#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-CA"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-ansi-language:EN-CA; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-CA">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">光緒二十六年十二月二十六日諭(公历</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt" lang="EN-CA">1901</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;" lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span 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semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Contemporary" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Elegant" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Professional" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Subtle 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Subtle 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Web 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Web 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Web 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Balloon Text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" name="Table Grid" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Table Theme" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" name="Placeholder Text" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="1" qformat="true" name="No Spacing" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" name="Revision" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="34" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="29" qformat="true" name="Quote" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="30" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 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priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="60" name="Light Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="61" name="Light List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="62" name="Light Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="63" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="64" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="65" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="66" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="67" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="68" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="69" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="70" name="Dark List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="71" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="72" name="Colorful List Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="73" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="19" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="21" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="31" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="32" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="33" qformat="true" name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="37" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="39" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="41" name="Plain Table 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="42" name="Plain Table 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="43" name="Plain Table 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="44" name="Plain Table 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="45" name="Plain Table 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="40" name="Grid Table Light" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" 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name="List Table 3 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="46" name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="47" name="List Table 2 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="48" name="List Table 3 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="49" name="List Table 4 Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="50" name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="51" name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" priority="52" name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Mention" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Smart Hyperlink" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Hashtag" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Unresolved Mention" /> <w:LsdException locked="false" semihidden="true" unhidewhenused="true" name="Smart Link" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]–><!–[if gte mso 10]> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;} <![endif]–>&nbsp;</div>


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