《港区国安法》威胁师生安全 美名校课程加警语

<p style="padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; background-color: #ffffff;">《华尔街日报》8月19日报导,部分美国顶尖大学的课程在为了避免学生遭到中国政府以国安法起诉,准许学生在特定课堂上以匿名的方式上课跟参与讨论。</p><div id="sharing-bar" style="font-size: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 19px; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; background-color: #ffffff;"><span dir="ltr"><a dir="ltr" target="new" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fp.dw.com%2Fp%2F3hDgE%3Fmaca%3Dzh-Facebook-sharing" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; width: 34px; height: 30px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; background: url(&quot;../cssi/dw-social-icons-sprite.png&quot;) 0px -40px no-repeat; cursor: pointer;"></a>&nbsp;</span><span dir="ltr"><a dir="ltr" target="new" rel="nofollow" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?source=webclient&amp;text=https%3A%2F%2Fp.dw.com%2Fp%2F3hDgE%3Fmaca%3Dzh-Twitter-sharing+%E3%80%8A%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%80%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95%E3%80%8B%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E5%B8%88%E7%94%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%20%E7%BE%8E%E5%90%8D%E6%A0%A1%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E5%8A%A0%E8%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; width: 34px; height: 30px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; background: url(&quot;../cssi/dw-social-icons-sprite.png&quot;) 0px -80px no-repeat; cursor: pointer;"></a>&nbsp;</span><span dir="ltr"><a dir="ltr" target="new" rel="nofollow" href="&#109;&#97;&#105;&#108;&#116;&#111;&#58;&#63;&#98;&#111;&#100;&#121;&#61;&#104;&#116;&#116;&#112;&#115;&#37;&#51;&#65;&#37;&#50;&#70;&#37;&#50;&#70;&#112;&#46;&#100;&#119;&#46;&#99;&#111;&#109;&#37;&#50;&#70;&#112;&#37;&#50;&#70;&#51;&#104;&#68;&#103;&#69;&#37;&#51;&#70;&#109;&#97;&#99;&#97;&#37;&#51;&#68;&#122;&#104;&#45;&#69;&#77;&#97;&#105;&#108;&#45;&#115;&#104;&#97;&#114;&#105;&#110;&#103;&#38;&#97;&#109;&#112;&#59;&#115;&#117;&#98;&#106;&#101;&#99;&#116;&#61;&#37;&#69;&#51;&#37;&#56;&#48;&#37;&#56;&#65;&#37;&#69;&#54;&#37;&#66;&#56;&#37;&#65;&#70;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#56;&#68;&#37;&#56;&#48;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#57;&#66;&#37;&#66;&#68;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#65;&#69;&#37;&#56;&#57;&#37;&#69;&#54;&#37;&#66;&#51;&#37;&#57;&#53;&#37;&#69;&#51;&#37;&#56;&#48;&#37;&#56;&#66;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#65;&#56;&#37;&#56;&#49;&#37;&#69;&#56;&#37;&#56;&#51;&#37;&#56;&#49;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#66;&#56;&#37;&#56;&#56;&#37;&#69;&#55;&#37;&#57;&#52;&#37;&#57;&#70;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#65;&#69;&#37;&#56;&#57;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#56;&#53;&#37;&#65;&#56;&#37;&#50;&#48;&#37;&#69;&#55;&#37;&#66;&#69;&#37;&#56;&#69;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#57;&#48;&#37;&#56;&#68;&#37;&#69;&#54;&#37;&#65;&#48;&#37;&#65;&#49;&#37;&#69;&#56;&#37;&#65;&#70;&#37;&#66;&#69;&#37;&#69;&#55;&#37;&#65;&#56;&#37;&#56;&#66;&#37;&#69;&#53;&#37;&#56;&#65;&#37;&#65;&#48;&#37;&#69;&#56;&#37;&#65;&#68;&#37;&#65;&#54;&#37;&#69;&#56;&#37;&#65;&#70;&#37;&#65;&#68;" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; width: 34px; height: 30px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; background: url(&quot;../cssi/dw-social-icons-sprite.png&quot;) 0px 0px no-repeat; cursor: pointer;"></a>&nbsp;</span><span dir="ltr"><a dir="ltr" target="new" rel="nofollow" href="https://lineit.line.me/share/ui?url=https%3A%2F%2Fp.dw.com%2Fp%2F3hDgE%3Fmaca%3Dzh-Line-sharing" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block; width: 34px; height: 30px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; background: url(&quot;../cssi/dw-social-icons-sprite.png&quot;) 0px -560px no-repeat; cursor: pointer;"></a>&nbsp;</span><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; display: inline-block; width: 34px; height: 30px; margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background: url(&quot;../cssi/dw-social-icons-sprite.png&quot;) 0px -160px no-repeat; cursor: pointer;"></p></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%80%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E5%B8%88%E7%94%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E7%BE%8E%E5%90%8D%E6%A0%A1%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E5%8A%A0%E8%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD/a-54629702#" link="/overlay/image/article/54629702/54074069" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/54074069_303.jpg" title="USA Universit&#228;t Harvard (picture-alliance/dpa/O. Rawlings)" alt="USA Universit&#228;t Harvard (picture-alliance/dpa/O. Rawlings)" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; width: 720px;">多所美国顶尖大学因为担忧港区国安法会对学术自由造成影响,所以某些特定的课程可能开始准许学生以匿名的方式上课与参与讨论。</p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;;"><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">(德国之声中文网) 中国在香港施行《港区国安法》至今已超过一个月,而国安法的效力也逐渐延伸至美国的大学校园。根据《华尔街日报》周三 (8月19日)报导,普林斯顿大学政治系的助理教授楚克斯(Rory Truex)在&#8220;中国政治&#8221;这门课的教学大纲上,特别注明&#8220;本课程恐涉及被中国政府视为政治敏感议题的内容&#8221;。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">他向《华尔街日报》表示:&#8220;美国学者不该自我审查。作为专门教授中国相关科目的学者,如果我们因害怕激怒中国政府而停止在课堂中提到天安门或新疆等敏感议题,那麽我们就输了。&#8221;</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">他说自己也会让学生可以用代号而非真名缴交作业,并以盲评分的方式来批改学生作业,藉此确保学生在发表特定言论时,不会惹上麻烦。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; font-size: 17px; color: #3e3e3e;"><br />无独有偶,在哈佛商学院教授政治学的任美格 (Meg Rithmire) 即将于新学期教授一门必须课程,课程内容会涉及阅读被关押于新疆再教育营内维吾尔人所写的日记,以及与香港跟台湾相关的议题。</span>涉敏感议题可匿名交谈</span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">任美格预计会在课堂中采取与楚克斯相似的策略。她告诉《华尔街日报》:&#8220;我不可能告诉学生&#8216;你们能在视讯过程中畅所欲言,且你会自由与安全能完全受到保障。&#8217;&#8221;</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">任美格说,哈佛商学院预计将豁免部分学生参与敏感话题的讨论。由于课堂参与通常是美国大学课堂评分的其中一个指标,所以如果学生有豁免权的话,他们可以选择不要参与特定敏感议题的课堂讨论。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">另外在安默斯特学院 (Amherst College),一名教授为了确保学生在课堂中能畅所欲言,决定让学生以匿名方式在网上交谈。而哈佛商学院为了能降低部分学生面临的风险,决定让他们可以选择不讨论政治敏感问题。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">美国宾州大学政治学系教授金骏远 (Avery Goldstein) 说,一旦学生在网路上选了他的课之后,他将寄出教学大纲,并强调课程恐包含敏感内容。他说:&#8220;我们必须让学生决定他们是否想上这堂课,因为最终是他们自己会受到影响。我会非常明白的告诉他们,我无力保护他们。&#8221;</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">目前任教于德州大学奥斯丁分校的钱喜娜 (Sheena Greitens) 在推特上写道,很多中国学生因新冠疫情返回中国,并透过线上的方式上课。当中国政府可能监控线上课程时,在课程中参与敏感议题的讨论可能会为他们带来麻烦。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both;"><div id="twtr-1296066477913706497" style="margin-bottom: 30px;"><div style="width: 550px; margin: 10px auto; display: flex; max-width: 550px;"><iframe id="twitter-widget-0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" title="Twitter Tweet" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/index.html?dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1296066477913706497&amp;lang=en&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fzh%2F%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E5%258D%2580%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%25AE%2589%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%25A8%2581%25E8%2583%2581%25E5%25B8%2588%25E7%2594%259F%25E5%25AE%2589%25E5%2585%25A8-%25E7%25BE%258E%25E5%2590%258D%25E6%25A0%25A1%25E8%25AF%25BE%25E7%25A8%258B%25E5%258A%25A0%25E8%25AD%25A6%25E8%25AF%25AD%2Fa-54629702&amp;siteScreenName=dw_chinese&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=223fc1c4%3A1596143124634&amp;width=550px" data-tweet-id="1296066477913706497" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden; width: 0px; height: 0px; display: block; flex-grow: 1;"></iframe></div></div></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; color: #000000;">名校教授备感威胁</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 340px;"><a href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%80%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%95%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81%E5%B8%88%E7%94%9F%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E7%BE%8E%E5%90%8D%E6%A0%A1%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E5%8A%A0%E8%AD%A6%E8%AF%AD/a-54629702#" link="/overlay/image/article/54629702/54075959" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img itemprop="image" src="https://www.dw.com/image/54075959_404.jpg" title="China Hong Kong | Proteste | Sicherheitsgesetz (picture-alliance/dpa/T. Walker)" alt="China Hong Kong | Proteste | Sicherheitsgesetz (picture-alliance/dpa/T. Walker)" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 340px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="padding: 4px 0px; color: #888888; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;;">由于不少中国与香港学生将会透过线上的方式参与课程讨论,教授与中国相关科目的学者担忧有些上课的片段可能会被录影后,流入中国政府的手中。</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">除了学生受到影响,由于大部分美国大学在即将到来的新学期将以线上方式授课,这代表许多在中国或香港的学生将透过视频与在美国的同学一同上课,而这也让一些学者担忧上课内容被特定学生录影,并辗转传到中国官员手中。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">楚克斯表示:&#8220;中国一直以来对西方记者与学者都充满敌意,国安法进一步加深了这个敌意。&#8221;</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">钱喜娜则指出她过去做过的一项调查发现,大多数教授与中国相关科目的学者往往必须应付很棘手的议题,而他们的大学往往不会提供任何实际协助。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both;"><div id="twtr-1296107998566285312" style="margin-bottom: 30px;"><div style="width: 550px; margin: 10px auto; display: flex; max-width: 550px;"><iframe id="twitter-widget-1" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true" title="Twitter Tweet" src="https://platform.twitter.com/embed/index.html?dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-1&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=1296107998566285312&amp;lang=en&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fzh%2F%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E5%258D%2580%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%25AE%2589%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%25A8%2581%25E8%2583%2581%25E5%25B8%2588%25E7%2594%259F%25E5%25AE%2589%25E5%2585%25A8-%25E7%25BE%258E%25E5%2590%258D%25E6%25A0%25A1%25E8%25AF%25BE%25E7%25A8%258B%25E5%258A%25A0%25E8%25AD%25A6%25E8%25AF%25AD%2Fa-54629702&amp;siteScreenName=dw_chinese&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=223fc1c4%3A1596143124634&amp;width=550px" data-tweet-id="1296107998566285312" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden; width: 0px; height: 0px; display: block; flex-grow: 1;"></iframe></div></div></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: &quot;MS Song&quot;, &quot;MS Hei&quot;; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">爱尔兰都柏林大学国际关系与政治学院的助理教授杜考斯基思 (Alex Dukalskis) 也在推特上发文表示:&#8220;大多数教授中国相关科目的学者都必须自己承担与学术自由相关的风险,大多数的高教机构都并未在这个领域提供教师协助。是时候高教机构的领导人开始重视这个议题。&#8221;</p></div></div>


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