七十一岁共产中国:回顾与预测 (音频)

<div></div><div>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2020/Sep/9302020GONG1.jpeg" width="622" height="350" alt="" />&nbsp;</div><div></div><div> <p><em>2020<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>9<span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span>29<span style="font-family:DengXian;">日,北京天安门广场为庆祝国庆设置的花篮。(美联社)</span></em></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;<em>点击下面&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 收听音频</em><div style="color: #003366; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;"><div classname="audiojs" id="audiojs_wrapper0" style="width: calc(100% – 92px); height: 36px; float: left; font-family: monospace;"><div style="width: 40px; float: left; margin: 5px 0px 0px 6px; padding: 0px 6px 0px 12px; color: #2f50a2; line-height: 25px !important;"><span style="padding: 0px 2px 0px 0px;">00:00</span>/<span style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 2px;">00:00</span></div></div></div><span style="float: right; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: #003366; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, STHeiti, 华文黑体, SimSun, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/zhongguotoushi/panel-09302020132738.html/m1004panel.mp3" style="color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none !important;"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/rfa_resources/graphics/icon-listen.png" title="收听节目" alt="收听节目" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;" />&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/zhongguotoushi/panel-09302020132738.html/m1004panel.mp3/download.html" style="color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none !important;"><img src="https://www.rfa.org/rfa_resources/graphics/icon-download.png" title="下载声音" alt="下载声音" style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;" /></a></span></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;</div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">主持人:陈奎德</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">座谈人:曹旭云先生</span>, <span style="font-family:DengXian;">居欧中国作家</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">一、</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">共产中国历史的断代</span></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1949<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年中共在大陆武装颠覆中华民国政府,至今已经</span>71<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年了。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">共产党君临中国,是中国近代史的大事,是自十九世纪向现代社会迈进的历史进程中的最大一次断裂和转折。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">中共建政</span>71<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年,计有几个界碑:</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1949<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>10<span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span>1<span style="font-family:DengXian;">日&#8212;&#8212;</span>1976<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>9<span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span> 9<span style="font-family:DengXian;">日&#8212;&#8212;</span>1989<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>6 <span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span>4 <span style="font-family:DengXian;">日&#8212;&#8212;</span>2012<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>11<span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span>15 <span style="font-family:DengXian;">日</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">可大略而分为:毛时代、邓胡赵时代、邓江胡时代、习时代</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">在共产中国的这四个时期</span>71 <span style="font-family:DengXian;">年中,仅有邓胡赵时代即人称的八十年代,可算其中异数,那是共产中国略微具有人性和开明色彩的</span>10<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">二、</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">极权主义毛时代</span> <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1949-1976</span><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">)</span></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2020/Sep/9302020GONG2.jpg" width="600" height="337" alt="" /></p> <p><em>2019<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>10<span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span>1<span style="font-family:DengXian;">日,中共国庆</span>70<span style="font-family:DengXian;">周年庆典,中共中央本届政治局常委习近平、李克强、栗战书、汪洋等与前两届常委江泽民、曾庆红、胡锦涛等在天安门城楼上,观看盛大阅兵。(法新社)</span></em></p> <p><em><br /></em></p><div><em>&nbsp;</em></div> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">毛泽东统治中国方式是极权主义的,通过纵横&#8212;&#8212;即时间与空间&#8212;&#8212;两个维度进行。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">在横的方面,毛的中共建构了如水银泄地一样的控制社会的天罗地网。这种&#8220;党</span>-<span style="font-family:DengXian;">国&#8220;式控制网罗,主要是通过&#8220;单位制&#8221;及&#8220;户口制&#8221;以及</span>1958<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年开始的&#8220;公社制&#8221;进行的。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">在纵的方面,毛主要通过周期性的政治运动来进行统治。这是他的重要统治方式之一,带有很强的个人特征。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1976<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年毛泽东去世后,中共发生宫廷政变,毛妻江青及其政治同党被捕,三起三落的邓小平于</span>1978<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年夺得最高权位,中国进入邓时代。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">极权主义毛时代的基本特征:</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">政治、经济、社会、文化的全能式中央集权;</span>2<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.政教合一,意识形态治国;</span>3<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.国际主义为表,国家主义为里;</span>4<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.反智主義:全面封闭社会&#8212;严禁人员与思想的自由交流;</span>5<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">普遍贫穷;</span>6<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">来世主义,号召为未来(共产主义)牺牲现世;</span>7<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">周期性的暴民政治(运动);</span>8<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">人治;</span>9<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">等级化的身份型社会。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>2<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">毛时代展开了众多政治运动,兹举二例:</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">大跃进运动导致的大饥荒(人类史所罕见)</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">文化革命(扫荡人类文明,摧残中国人性&#8230;&#8230;)</span></p><div>&nbsp;</div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">三、</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">邓胡赵(八十)时代</span> <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">(</span></strong><strong style="font-size: 12pt;">1978-1989<span style="font-family:DengXian;">)</span></strong></p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">八十年代的特点:</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">聚焦经济,</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">在胡耀邦和赵紫阳的具体操作下,引入市场因素,</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">把中国向世界打开</span>, <span style="font-family:DengXian;">进二退一,市场列宁主义使中国经济开始发展。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family:DengXian;">政治上走向类似威权统治;</span>2<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.意识形态淡化,</span>3<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.国家至上主义;</span>4<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.信息封锁&#8212;禁止政治思想和新闻的自由交流,但在商业与非政治人员交往方面网开一面;</span>5<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">生活水准有所提高,民间有了一定的非政治化的自由空间;</span>6<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">现世主义,实惠主义;</span>7<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">法制为表,人治为里;</span>8<span style="font-family:DengXian;">.契约型社会&#8212;市民社会开始萌芽。</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">统治集团低调求实,少说多做。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">四、</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">邓江胡时代</span> <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1989-2012</span><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">)</span></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">六四镇压开局:</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">改开十年后中共遭遇民间社会成长带来的政治危机,邓为维护中共的垄断性权力,不惜在</span>1989<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>6<span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span>4<span style="font-family:DengXian;">日,把坦克车开上大街,用野战军血腥镇压了和平示威的民众。此一血腥句号终结了逐渐向文明世界靠拢的八十年代,后邓时代。</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">基本特征:</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1992<span style="font-family:DengXian;">后定型了&#8220;政治收紧、经济放松&#8221;的统治模式,社会走向权贵市场化:弱势群体边缘化。</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">贪腐盛行,道德沦丧,中国社会犬儒主义流行。权力精英、经济精英与知识精英相结合的&#8220;铁三角&#8221;精英统治出现。在西方一些政治精英的绥靖政策与经济精英的利益合盟下,中共利用了二战后美国及西方国家主导的国际主流政经秩序,加入世贸组织,凭借中国的廉价劳力和低人权优势,成为世界工厂,获取了巨大经济利益,同时加剧了贫富分化。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p><div>&nbsp;</div> <p><strong><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">五、</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">习近平时期(</span></strong><strong style="font-size: 12pt;">2013–<span style="font-family:DengXian;">)</span></strong></p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;<img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2020/Sep/9302020GONG3.jpg" width="616" height="346" alt="" /></p> <p><em>2020<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年</span>9<span style="font-family:DengXian;">月</span>29<span style="font-family:DengXian;">日,北京天安门广场为庆祝国庆设置的花篮。(美联社)</span></em></p> <p><br /></p><div>&nbsp;</div> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;"><strong>逐步向毛时代倒退</strong></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">以选择性反腐清洗政治对手,高度集中权力。进而搞修宪丑剧,取消主席任期制。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">重新启动意识形态战争</span>; <span style="font-family:DengXian;">发&#8220;九号文件&#8221;,搞&#8220;七不讲&#8221;,强化封网,钳民之口,拒绝普世价值。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">重提&#8220;反动知识分子&#8221;,囚死诺贝尔和平奖得主刘晓波,迫害许志永、许章润、蔡霞、任志强&#8230;</span>..</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">整肃维权律师,重走&#8220;反智主义&#8221;的毛氏歧途。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">加强党管企业,阻遏资本外流,回收企业家的财产。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">拆毁教堂,压制基督教等各种宗教信仰自由。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">外交政策:抛弃韬光养晦,扩张反自由的&#8220;中国模式&#8221;,以大撒币大外宣收买人心,以&#8220;一带一路&#8221;扩张势力范围。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">以利诱和威慑双管齐下直指民主台湾,悍然撕毁中英联合声明,毁弃一国两制,以港版国安法箝制香港,以穷兵黩武之姿咄咄于南海。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">祭出所谓&#8220;两个一百年计划&#8221;,号称共产党在中国要执政一百年。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">六、</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: 12pt;">中共已步入穷途</span></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">围堵与孤立</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">鉴于中共早期隐瞒自武汉爆发的人传人新冠病毒,致使之肆虐全球,至今未息,各国纷纷要求追索责任;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">鉴于北京冒天下之大不韪,以港版国安法强行实施于香港,废止国际条约承诺,毁灭国际金融中心及自由港,触怒美英欧盟及国际社会;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">鉴于中共在新疆建立令人发指的百万人集中营,迫害信仰自由等基本人权;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">鉴于习近平中共倒退之路日益明显,对外扩张日益猖狂,国际社会终于下定决心,全方位改变对中共的战略方针,(美国对中共开打贸易战,使北京措手不及,节节败退,乱了章法。)</span></p> <p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">近年以来,特别是</span>2020<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年以来,习氏中共遭遇美、英、澳大利亚、日本、印度、欧盟&#8230;&#8230;国际主流社会围堵与孤立,已陷入八方抵制,四面楚歌的深重危机之中。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">占卜中共命运</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">人们普遍关切的是,在历史长河中,当下中共处于什么位置</span>?</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">目前的新冷战其实是冷战残局,是冷战最后&#8220;收官&#8221;阶段&#8212;&#8212;给冷战失败画上句号,载入历史。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">这一残局最清晰的数字标识是&#8212;&#8212;&#8220;</span>5 vs.116<span style="font-family:DengXian;">&#8221;</span>.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">英国《经济学人》杂志的数据显示,</span>2017<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年,在全球</span>167<span style="font-family:DengXian;">个得到国际承认的国家中,有</span>116<span style="font-family:DengXian;">个属于选举制民主国家,全球有</span>60%<span style="font-family:DengXian;">的人生活在经民选上台的领导人的管理之下。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">而共产党国家,经</span>1989-1991<span style="font-family:DengXian;">苏东波共产主义大溃败之后,目前仅残存</span>5<span style="font-family:DengXian;">个:中国、北朝鲜、越南、老挝、古巴。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">而越南正在加速靠拢美国。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>4<span style="font-family:DengXian;">个共产党国家与</span>116<span style="font-family:DengXian;">个民主国家对峙,结局如何</span>?</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">何以&#8220;蒙不过三代&#8221;?</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">迄今为止,历史上所有共产党政权,其寿命没有一个超过了</span>74<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年的。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">一般而言,一代的时间长度为</span>25<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年,</span>74<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年基本就是三代人</span>(<span style="font-family:DengXian;">考虑到人类寿命延长的普遍趋势,不妨以</span>80<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年为三代人的时间。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">过去人们有所谓&#8220;七十年大限&#8221;,指的是&#8220;革命政党&#8221;在暴力夺权后实施一党专政,迄今没有连续执政达到八十年的先例。在连续执政时间最长的几个政党中,苏联共产党从</span>1917<span style="font-family:DengXian;">政变成功到</span>1991<span style="font-family:DengXian;">苏联解体,执政</span>74<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年;中国国民党从</span>1928<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年一统江湖到</span>2000<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年中华民国第一次政党轮替中下野,连续执政</span>72<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年;墨西哥革命制度党是&#8220;民主的独裁党&#8221;,严格说来不在此列,但它从</span>1929<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年上台到</span>2000<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年大选败北沦为在野党,连续在位也只是</span>71<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">早在</span>1954<span style="font-family:DengXian;">年,美国国务卿杜勒斯就预言:&#8220;&#8230;&#8230;社会主义国家将要发生一种演进性的变化。&#8221;</span> <span style="font-family:DengXian;">他告诫人们,要有足够的耐心和信心,要把希望寄托在社会主义国家第三代和第四代人的身上。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">前苏联与东欧的演进,惊人地兑现了他的预言,那里有某种深邃的政治直觉。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">对于像共产主义、法西斯主义&#8230;&#8230;等背逆人性的政治理论,如果不幸而君临一国成为国家意识形态,则其依赖蒙蔽信息和暴力谎言持续性专权统治的年限,不会超过三代。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:DengXian;">何以谈到八十年?因为大约是三代人时间。何以&#8220;三代&#8221;?因为代际权力蜕变需要两次代际衰减。实际上,上述意识形态攫取了政权后,因其祸国殃民,故在国际竞争与国内执政中,很快就显露败象。但是作为国教的意识形态已经衍生出巨大的政治经济利益的遗产,该遗产需要两代人方能消化殆尽。&#8220;蒙不过三代&#8221;,是历史观察的结论。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>&nbsp;</div>